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Related papers: miditok: A Python package for MIDI file tokenizati…

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We present a unified framework for automatic multitrack music arrangement that enables a single pre-trained symbolic music model to handle diverse arrangement scenarios, including reinterpretation, simplification, and additive generation.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Longshen Ou , Jingwei Zhao , Ziyu Wang , Gus Xia , Qihao Liang , Torin Hopkins Ye Wang

Automatic Music Transcription has seen significant progress in recent years by training custom deep neural networks on large datasets. However, these models have required extensive domain-specific design of network architectures,…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Curtis Hawthorne , Ian Simon , Rigel Swavely , Ethan Manilow , Jesse Engel

Symbolic music generation faces a fundamental trade-off between efficiency and quality. Fine-grained tokenizations achieve strong coherence but incur long sequences and high complexity, while compact tokenizations improve efficiency at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ting-Kang Wang , Chih-Pin Tan , Yi-Hsuan Yang

Research on style transfer and domain translation has clearly demonstrated the ability of deep learning-based algorithms to manipulate images in terms of artistic style. More recently, several attempts have been made to extend such…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Ondřej Cífka , Umut Şimşekli , Gaël Richard

Progress in the task of symbolic music generation may be lagging behind other tasks like audio and text generation, in part because of the scarcity of symbolic training data. In this paper, we leverage the greater scale of audio music data…

To apply neural sequence models such as the Transformers to music generation tasks, one has to represent a piece of music by a sequence of tokens drawn from a finite set of pre-defined vocabulary. Such a vocabulary usually involves tokens…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Wen-Yi Hsiao , Jen-Yu Liu , Yin-Cheng Yeh , Yi-Hsuan Yang

Music has a unique and complex structure which is challenging for both expert humans and existing AI systems to understand, and presents unique challenges relative to other forms of audio. We present LLark, an instruction-tuned multimodal…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Josh Gardner , Simon Durand , Daniel Stoller , Rachel M. Bittner

In the domain of symbolic music research, the progress of developing scalable systems has been notably hindered by the scarcity of available training data and the demand for models tailored to specific tasks. To address these issues, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Shangda Wu , Yashan Wang , Xiaobing Li , Feng Yu , Maosong Sun

Audio tokenizers are fundamental to unifying audio understanding and generation. Understanding requires high-level semantics, while generation demands semantic and acoustic details. Existing unified tokenizers jointly encode both in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-28 Zhisheng Zhang , Xiang Li , Yixuan Zhou , Jing Peng , Guoyang Zeng , Zhiyong Wu

Definitive embeddings remain a fundamental challenge of computational musicology for symbolic music in deep learning today. Analogous to natural language, music can be modeled as a sequence of tokens. This motivates the majority of existing…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Hongru Liang , Wenqiang Lei , Paul Yaozhu Chan , Zhenglu Yang , Maosong Sun , Tat-Seng Chua

Existing work in automatic music generation has mostly focused on end-to-end systems that generate either entire compositions or continuations of pieces, which are difficult for composers to iterate on. The area of computer-assisted…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Christian Zhou-Zheng , Philippe Pasquier

Recent advancements in generative models have highlighted the crucial role of image tokenization in the efficient synthesis of high-resolution images. Tokenization, which transforms images into latent representations, reduces computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Qihang Yu , Mark Weber , Xueqing Deng , Xiaohui Shen , Daniel Cremers , Liang-Chieh Chen

We present a new large-scale emotion-labeled symbolic music dataset consisting of 12k MIDI songs. To create this dataset, we first trained emotion classification models on the GoEmotions dataset, achieving state-of-the-art results with a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-28 Serkan Sulun , Pedro Oliveira , Paula Viana

Recent advancements in neural audio codecs have enabled the use of tokenized audio representations in various audio generation tasks, such as text-to-speech, text-to-audio, and text-to-music generation. Leveraging this approach, we propose…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Kyungsu Kim , Junghyun Koo , Sungho Lee , Haesun Joung , Kyogu Lee

Training monolingual language models for low and mid-resource languages is made challenging by limited and often inadequate pretraining data. In this study, we propose a novel model conversion strategy to address this issue, adapting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-06 François Remy , Pieter Delobelle , Bettina Berendt , Kris Demuynck , Thomas Demeester

Recent advances in multimodal models highlight the pivotal role of image tokenization in high-resolution image generation. By compressing images into compact latent representations, tokenizers enable generative models to operate in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Qihang Rao , Borui Zhang , Wenzhao Zheng , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Unified speech foundation models require a holistic tokenization space that is both learnable by language models and decodable into high-quality waveforms. Existing speech tokenizers, however, often fail to satisfy these requirements…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Bohan Li , Shi Lian , Hankun Wang , Yiwei Guo , Yu Xi , Zhihan Li , Da Zheng , Colin Zhang , Kai Yu

Creating MIDI music can be a practical challenge. In the past, working with it was difficult and frustrating to all but the most accomplished and determined. Now, however, we are offering a powerful Visual Basic program called MIDI-LAB,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Kai Yang , Xi Zhou

Beat tracking in musical performance MIDI is a challenging and important task for notation-level music transcription and rhythmical analysis, yet existing methods primarily focus on audio-based approaches. This paper proposes an end-to-end…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Sebastian Murgul , Michael Heizmann

We present MIDI-LLM, an LLM for generating multitrack MIDI music from free-form text prompts. Our approach expands a text LLM's vocabulary to include MIDI tokens, and uses a two-stage training recipe to endow text-to-MIDI abilities. By…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Shih-Lun Wu , Yoon Kim , Cheng-Zhi Anna Huang