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Gaussian processes (GPs) have gained popularity as flexible machine learning models for regression and function approximation with an in-built method for uncertainty quantification. However, GPs suffer when the amount of training data is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-26 Jonas Latz , Aretha L. Teckentrup , Simon Urbainczyk

In their standard form Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a powerful non-parametric framework for regression and classificaton tasks. Their one limiting property is their $\mathcal{O}(N^{3})$ scaling where $N$ is the number of training data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-16 Vidhi Lalchand , A. C. Faul

The Gaussian process (GP) is a widely used probabilistic machine learning method with implicit uncertainty characterization for stochastic function approximation, stochastic modeling, and analyzing real-world measurements of nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-14 Mark D. Risser , Marcus M. Noack , Hengrui Luo , Ronald Pandolfi

Gaussian processes (GPs) based methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) demonstrate great promise by bridging the gap between the theoretical rigor of traditional numerical algorithms and the flexible design of machine…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-02 Xianjin Yang , Houman Owhadi

Gaussian processes (GPs) are typically criticised for their unfavourable scaling in both computational and memory requirements. For large datasets, sparse GPs reduce these demands by conditioning on a small set of inducing variables…

We introduce a framework and early results for massively scalable Gaussian processes (MSGP), significantly extending the KISS-GP approach of Wilson and Nickisch (2015). The MSGP framework enables the use of Gaussian processes (GPs) on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-06 Andrew Gordon Wilson , Christoph Dann , Hannes Nickisch

A key challenge in scaling Gaussian Process (GP) regression to massive datasets is that exact inference requires computation with a dense n x n kernel matrix, where n is the number of data points. Significant work focuses on approximating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Mohit Yadav , Daniel Sheldon , Cameron Musco

Gaussian processes (GPs) with derivatives are useful in many applications, including Bayesian optimization, implicit surface reconstruction, and terrain reconstruction. Fitting a GP to function values and derivatives at $n$ points in $d$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 David Eriksson , Kun Dong , Eric Hans Lee , David Bindel , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Gaussian processes (GP) provide a prior over functions and allow finding complex regularities in data. Gaussian processes are successfully used for classification/regression problems and dimensionality reduction. In this work we consider…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-21 Pavel Izmailov , Dmitry Kropotov

Gaussian processes (GPs) are a highly flexible, nonparametric statistical model that are commonly used to fit nonlinear relationships or account for correlation between observations. However, the computational load of fitting a Gaussian…

Computation · Statistics 2023-10-30 Matthew J Heaton , Jacob A. Johnson

Many machine learning problems can be framed in the context of estimating functions, and often these are time-dependent functions that are estimated in real-time as observations arrive. Gaussian processes (GPs) are an attractive choice for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-09 Michael Minyi Zhang , Bianca Dumitrascu , Sinead A. Williamson , Barbara E. Engelhardt

We introduce a fast algorithm for Gaussian process regression in low dimensions, applicable to a widely-used family of non-stationary kernels. The non-stationarity of these kernels is induced by arbitrary spatially-varying vertical and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-28 P. Michael Kielstra , Michael Lindsey

Gaussian Process (GP) models provide a flexible framework for prediction and uncertainty quantification. For most covariance functions, however, exact GP prediction with $n$ points scales as $\mathcal{O}(n^3)$, making it prohibitively…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-29 Samanyu Arora , Christopher J. Geoga

Recently, there has been a growing interest for mixed-categorical meta-models based on Gaussian process (GP) surrogates. In this setting, several existing approaches use different strategies either by using continuous kernels (e.g.,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-25 P. Saves , Y. Diouane , N. Bartoli , T. Lefebvre , J. Morlier

Estimating causal effects in quasi-experiments with spatio-temporal panel data often requires adjusting for unmeasured confounding that varies across space and time. Gaussian Processes (GPs) offer a flexible, nonparametric modeling approach…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Sofia L. Vega , Rachel C. Nethery

Gaussian Processes (GPs) have been widely used in machine learning to model distributions over functions, with applications including multi-modal regression, time-series prediction, and few-shot learning. GPs are particularly useful in the…

Gaussian processes are typically used for smoothing and interpolation on small datasets. We introduce a new Bayesian nonparametric framework -- GPatt -- enabling automatic pattern extrapolation with Gaussian processes on large…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-01-03 Andrew Gordon Wilson , Elad Gilboa , Arye Nehorai , John P. Cunningham

Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a gold standard for performance in online settings, such as sample-efficient control and black box optimization, where we need to update a posterior distribution as we acquire data in a sequential fashion.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-03 Samuel Stanton , Wesley J. Maddox , Ian Delbridge , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Gaussian processes (GP) are a well studied Bayesian approach for the optimization of black-box functions. Despite their effectiveness in simple problems, GP-based algorithms hardly scale to high-dimensional functions, as their per-iteration…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-28 Daniele Calandriello , Luigi Carratino , Alessandro Lazaric , Michal Valko , Lorenzo Rosasco

Training Gaussian process-based models typically involves an $ O(N^3)$ computational bottleneck due to inverting the covariance matrix. Popular methods for overcoming this matrix inversion problem cannot adequately model all types of latent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-04 Michael Minyi Zhang , Sinead A. Williamson