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This paper performs the crucial work of establishing a baseline for gaze-driven authentication performance to begin answering fundamental research questions using a very large dataset of gaze recordings from 9202 people with a level of eye…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Dillon Lohr , Michael J. Proulx , Oleg Komogortsev

Previous studies in the perimeter defense game have largely focused on the fully observable setting where the true player states are known to all players. However, this is unrealistic for practical implementation since defenders may have to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Elijah S. Lee , Giuseppe Loianno , Dinesh Jayaraman , Vijay Kumar

Conducting collaborative tasks, e.g., multi-user game, in virtual reality (VR) could enable us to explore more immersive and effective experience. However, for current VR systems, users cannot communicate properly with each other via their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Song Zhao , Shiwei Cheng , Chenshuang Zhu

While eye tracking provides valuable capabilities for virtual reality, such as gaze interaction and dynamic foveated rendering (DFR), eye-tracking data can inadvertently reveal sensitive user information if not properly protected. Current…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Paul Maynard , Harris Amjad , Camila Molinares , Bo Ji , Brendan David-John

We present our current research on the implementation of gaze as an efficient and usable pointing modality supplementary to speech, for interacting with augmented objects in our daily environment or large displays, especially immersive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2007-08-28 Daniel Gepner , Jérôme Simonin , Noëlle Carbonell

This paper presents a new text entry technique, namely H4-Writer, designed for gaze controlled environments and aimed at reducing average KSPC . and spatial footprint. It also presents an empirical evaluation of this proposed system by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-01-03 Raeid Saqur

Human gaze provides valuable information on human focus and intentions, making it a crucial area of research. Recently, deep learning has revolutionized appearance-based gaze estimation. However, due to the unique features of gaze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Yihua Cheng , Haofei Wang , Yiwei Bao , Feng Lu

Purpose: Gaze-following, the task of inferring where individuals are looking, has been widely studied in computer vision, advancing research in visual attention modeling, social scene understanding, and human-robot interaction. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Keqi Chen , Séraphin Baributsa , Lilien Schewski , Vinkle Srivastav , Didier Mutter , Guido Beldi , Sandra Keller , Nicolas Padoy

As digital worlds become ubiquitous via video games, simulations, virtual and augmented reality, people with disabilities who cannot access those worlds are becoming increasingly disenfranchised. More often than not the design of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Bijan Fakhri , Troy McDaniel , Heni Ben Amor , Hemanth Venkateswara , Abhik Chowdhury , Sethuraman Panchanathan

In human-robot interaction (HRI), detecting a human's gaze helps robots interpret user attention and intent. However, most gaze detection approaches rely on specialized eye-tracking hardware, limiting deployment in everyday settings.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Linlin Cheng , Koen Hindriks , Artem V. Belopolsky

Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest to interpret gaze direction in an unconstrained environment with limited supervision. Owing to data curation and annotation issues, replicating gaze estimation method to other…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Shreya Ghosh , Abhinav Dhall , Jarrod Knibbe , Munawar Hayat

Repeated exposure to blast overpressure in occupational settings has been associated with changes in cognitive and psychological health, as well as deficits in neurosensory subsystems. In this work, we describe a wearable system to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-15 Jeremy P. Kemmerer , James R. Williamson , Joseph Kim , Elizabeth Halford , Hrishikesh M. Rao , Christopher J. Smalt

We propose the concept of intelligent middle-level game control, which lies on a continuum of control abstraction levels between the following two dual opposites: 1) high-level control that translates player's simple commands into complex…

Graphics · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Amin Babadi , Kourosh Naderi , Perttu Hämäläinen

To address this gap, we conduct a Virtual Reality experiment in which pedestrians interact with automated shuttles under varying approach angles (45{\deg}, 90{\deg}, 135{\deg}) and continuous-traffic conditions (single shuttle, two shuttles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Danya Li , Yan Feng , Rico Krueger

Previous studies have illustrated the potential of analysing gaze behaviours in collaborative learning to provide educationally meaningful information for students to reflect on their learning. Over the past decades, machine learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Junyuan Liang , Qi Zhou , Sahan Bulathwela , Mutlu Cukurova

Gaze and face tracking algorithms have traditionally battled a compromise between computational complexity and accuracy; the most accurate neural net algorithms cannot be implemented in real time, but less complex real-time algorithms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-21 George He , Sami Oueida , Tucker Ward

Gaze Target Detection (GTD), i.e., determining where a person is looking within a scene from an external viewpoint, is a challenging task, particularly in 3D space. Existing approaches heavily rely on analyzing the person's appearance,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Andrea Toaiari , Vittorio Murino , Marco Cristani , Cigdem Beyan

When intelligent agents learn visuomotor behaviors from human demonstrations, they may benefit from knowing where the human is allocating visual attention, which can be inferred from their gaze. A wealth of information regarding intelligent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Ruohan Zhang , Zhuode Liu , Luxin Zhang , Jake A. Whritner , Karl S. Muller , Mary M. Hayhoe , Dana H. Ballard

Predicting the target of visual search from eye fixation (gaze) data is a challenging problem with many applications in human-computer interaction. In contrast to previous work that has focused on individual instances as a search target, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Hosnieh Sattar , Andreas Bulling , Mario Fritz

Current schemes to detect cheating in online games often build on the assumption that the applied cheat takes actions that are drastically different from normal behavior. For instance, an Aimbot for a first-person shooter is used by an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Tim Witschel , Christian Wressnegger