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The generation of equilibrium samples of molecular systems has been a long-standing problem in statistical physics. Boltzmann Generators are a generative machine learning method that addresses this issue by learning a transformation via a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-04 Leon Klein , Frank Noé

Boltzmann machines are energy-based models that have been shown to provide an accurate statistical description of domains of evolutionary-related protein and RNA families. They are parametrized in terms of local biases accounting for…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-03 Anna Paola Muntoni , Andrea Pagnani , Martin Weigt , Francesco Zamponi

Ordinal data is omnipresent in almost all multiuser-generated feedback - questionnaires, preferences etc. This paper investigates modelling of ordinal data with Gaussian restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs). In particular, we present the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-08-04 Truyen Tran , Dinh Phung , Svetha Venkatesh

Focusing on the grand-canonical extension of the ordinary restricted Boltzmann machine, we suggest an energy-based model for feature extraction that uses a layer of hidden units with varying size. By an appropriate choice of the chemical…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-12-13 Orestis Loukas

We introduce Thurstonian Boltzmann Machines (TBM), a unified architecture that can naturally incorporate a wide range of data inputs at the same time. Our motivation rests in the Thurstonian view that many discrete data types can be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-08-04 Truyen Tran , Dinh Phung , Svetha Venkatesh

Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) and deep Boltzmann machines (DBM) are important models in machine learning, and recently found numerous applications in quantum many-body physics. We show that there are fundamental connections between…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-09-01 Sujie Li , Feng Pan , Pengfei Zhou , Pan Zhang

Restricted Boltzmann machines are undirected neural networks which have been shown to be effective in many applications, including serving as initializations for training deep multi-layer neural networks. One of the main reasons for their…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-02-11 Marylou Gabrié , Eric W. Tramel , Florent Krzakala

Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) constitute one of the main models for machine statistical inference and they are widely employed in Artificial Intelligence as powerful tools for (deep) learning. However, in contrast with countless…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-03-12 Elena Agliari , Adriano Barra , Brunello Tirozzi

Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is a generative stochastic energy-based model of artificial neural network for unsupervised learning. Recently, RBM is well known to be a pre-training method of Deep Learning. In addition to visible and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Shin Kamada , Takumi Ichimura

We define a message-passing algorithm for computing magnetizations in Restricted Boltzmann machines, which are Ising models on bipartite graphs introduced as neural network models for probability distributions over spin configurations. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Burak Çakmak , Manfred Opper

The Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is one of the simplest generative neural networks capable of learning input distributions. Despite its simplicity, the analysis of its performance in learning from the training data is only well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yizhou Xu , Florent Krzakala , Lenka Zdeborová

Representation by neural networks, in particular by restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM), has provided a powerful computational tool to solve quantum many-body problems. An important open question is how to characterize which class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-23 Sirui Lu , Xun Gao , L. -M. Duan

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) and models derived from them have been successfully used as basic building blocks in deep artificial neural networks for automatic features extraction, unsupervised weights initialization, but also as…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-07-20 Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Elena Mocanu , Phuong H. Nguyen , Madeleine Gibescu , Antonio Liotta

This work analyzes centered binary Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) and binary Deep Boltzmann Machines (DBMs), where centering is done by subtracting offset values from visible and hidden variables. We show analytically that (i)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-08 Jan Melchior , Asja Fischer , Laurenz Wiskott

Since learning is typically very slow in Boltzmann machines, there is a need to restrict connections within hidden layers. However, the resulting states of hidden units exhibit statistical dependencies. Based on this observation, we propose…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-08-31 Heng Luo , Ruimin Shen , Cahngyong Niu

Deep Boltzmann machines (DBMs), one of the first ``deep'' learning methods ever studied, are multi-layered probabilistic models governed by a pairwise energy function that describes the likelihood of all variables/nodes in the network. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Zhili Feng , Ezra Winston , J. Zico Kolter

Born-rule generative modeling, a central task in quantum machine learning, seeks to learn probability distributions that can be efficiently sampled by measuring complex quantum states. One hope is for quantum models to efficiently capture…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Mark M. Wilde

Efficient sampling from the Boltzmann distribution given its energy function is a key challenge for modeling complex physical systems such as molecules. Boltzmann Generators address this problem by leveraging continuous normalizing flows to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Rishal Aggarwal , Jacky Chen , Nicholas M. Boffi , David Ryan Koes

Restricted Boltzmann machines are energy models made of a visible and a hidden layer. We identify an effective energy function describing the zero-temperature landscape on the visible units and depending only on the tail behaviour of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Giuseppe Genovese

The restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is used to investigate short-range order in binary alloys. The network is trained on the data collected by Monte Carlo simulations for a simple Ising-like binary alloy model and used to calculate the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2021-11-01 M. A. Timirgazin , A. K. Arzhnikov