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We systematically analyze the representability of toric code ground states by Restricted Boltzmann Machine with only local connections between hidden and visible neurons. This analysis is pivotal for evaluating the model's capability to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-01-03 Penghua Chen , Bowen Yan , Shawn X. Cui

Graphical models are powerful tools for modeling high-dimensional data, but learning graphical models in the presence of latent variables is well-known to be difficult. In this work we give new results for learning Restricted Boltzmann…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Surbhi Goel , Adam Klivans , Frederic Koehler

Boltzmann Machines (BMs) are graphical models with interconnected binary units, employed for the unsupervised modeling of data distributions. When trained on real data, BMs show the tendency to behave like critical systems, displaying a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-06-28 Enrico Ventura , Simona Cocco , Rémi Monasson , Francesco Zamponi

Building a good generative model for image has long been an important topic in computer vision and machine learning. Restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is one of such models that is simple but powerful. However, its restricted form also has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Hengyuan Hu , Lisheng Gao , Quanbin Ma

Restricted Boltzmann Machines are key tools in Machine Learning and are described by the energy function of bipartite spin-glasses. From a statistical mechanical perspective, they share the same Gibbs measure of Hopfield networks for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Elena Agliari , Adriano Barra , Chiara Longo , Daniele Tantari

Unsupervised neural networks, such as restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) and deep belief networks (DBNs), are powerful tools for feature selection and pattern recognition tasks. We demonstrate that overfitting occurs in such models just…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-20 Baiyang Wang , Diego Klabjan

We improve recently published results about resources of Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) and Deep Belief Networks (DBN) required to make them Universal Approximators. We show that any distribution p on the set of binary vectors of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-07-27 Guido Montufar , Nihat Ay

Understanding the results of deep neural networks is an essential step towards wider acceptance of deep learning algorithms. Many approaches address the issue of interpreting artificial neural networks, but often provide divergent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Vadim Borisov , Johannes Meier , Johan van den Heuvel , Hamed Jalali , Gjergji Kasneci

We propose a new approach to combine Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) that can be used to solve combinatorial optimization problems. This allows synthesis of larger models from smaller RBMs that have been pretrained, thus effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Saavan Patel , Sayeef Salahuddin

Computing equilibrium states in condensed-matter many-body systems, such as solvated proteins, is a long-standing challenge. Lacking methods for generating statistically independent equilibrium samples in "one shot", vast computational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-15 Frank Noé , Simon Olsson , Jonas Köhler , Hao Wu

A Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is an unsupervised machine-learning bipartite graphical model that jointly learns a probability distribution over data and extracts their relevant statistical features. As such, RBM were recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Jérôme Tubiana , Simona Cocco , Rémi Monasson

The brain must robustly store a large number of memories, corresponding to the many events encountered over a lifetime. However, the number of memory states in existing neural network models either grows weakly with network size or recall…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-11-06 Rishidev Chaudhuri , Ila Fiete

We derive relations between theoretical properties of restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs), popular machine learning models which form the building blocks of deep learning models, and several natural notions from discrete mathematics and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-09-22 Guido F. Montufar , Jason Morton

Generative models offer a direct way of modeling complex data. Energy-based models attempt to encode the statistical correlations observed in the data at the level of the Boltzmann weight associated with an energy function in the form of a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-04-10 Aurélien Decelle , Cyril Furtlehner , Alfonso De Jesus Navas Gómez , Beatriz Seoane

We present transductive Boltzmann machines (TBMs), which firstly achieve transductive learning of the Gibbs distribution. While exact learning of the Gibbs distribution is impossible by the family of existing Boltzmann machines due to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-22 Mahito Sugiyama , Koji Tsuda , Hiroyuki Nakahara

We present a mathematical construction for the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) that doesn't require specifying the number of hidden units. In fact, the hidden layer size is adaptive and can grow during training. This is obtained by first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-21 Marc-Alexandre Côté , Hugo Larochelle

The Boltzmann Machine (BM) is a neural network composed of stochastically firing neurons that can learn complex probability distributions by adapting the synaptic interactions between the neurons. BMs represent a very generic class of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-09-16 Brian Kiraly , Elze J. Knol , Hilbert J. Kappen , Alexander A. Khajetoorians

A Boltzmann machine is a stochastic neural network that has been extensively used in the layers of deep architectures for modern machine learning applications. In this paper, we develop a Boltzmann machine that is capable of modelling…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-10-18 Giacomo Torlai , Roger G. Melko

A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is an undirected graphical model constructed for discrete or continuous random variables, with two layers, one hidden and one visible, and no conditional dependency within a layer. In recent years, RBMs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-12 Andee Kaplan , Daniel Nordman , Stephen Vardeman

A goal of unsupervised machine learning is to build representations of complex high-dimensional data, with simple relations to their properties. Such disentangled representations make easier to interpret the significant latent factors of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Jorge Fernandez-de-Cossio-Diaz , Simona Cocco , Remi Monasson