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Learning representations that capture the underlying data generating process is a key problem for data efficient and robust use of neural networks. One key property for robustness which the learned representation should capture and which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Mathieu Chevalley , Charlotte Bunne , Andreas Krause , Stefan Bauer

Molecular property prediction constitutes a cornerstone of drug discovery and materials science, necessitating models capable of disentangling complex structure-property relationships across diverse molecular modalities. Existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Long Xu , Junping Guo , Jianbo Zhao , Jianbo Lu , Yuzhong Peng

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization is critical for machine learning models deployed in the real world. However, achieving this can be fundamentally challenging, as it requires the ability to learn invariant features across different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Haoyue Bai , Yifei Ming , Julian Katz-Samuels , Yixuan Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection identifies test samples that differ from the training data, which is critical to ensuring the safety and reliability of machine learning (ML) systems. While a plethora of methods have been developed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Viet Duong , Qiong Wu , Zhengyi Zhou , Eric Zavesky , Jiahe Chen , Xiangzhou Liu , Wen-Ling Hsu , Huajie Shao

The inability of deep learning models to handle data drawn from unseen distributions has sparked much interest in unsupervised out-of-distribution (U-OOD) detection, as it is crucial for reliable deep learning models. Despite considerable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Lars Doorenbos , Raphael Sznitman , Pablo Márquez-Neila

The core of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is to learn the in-distribution (ID) representation, which is distinguishable from OOD samples. Previous work applied recognition-based methods to learn the ID features, which tend to learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Jingyao Li , Pengguang Chen , Shaozuo Yu , Zexin He , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

Clinical machine learning models are increasingly trained using large scale, multimodal foundation paradigms, yet deployment environments often differ systematically from the data generating settings used during training. Such shifts arise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuanyun Zhang , Shi Li

A recent popular approach to out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is based on a self-supervised learning technique referred to as contrastive learning. There are two main variants of contrastive learning, namely instance and class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Nawid Keshtmand , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Jonathan Lawry

Self-supervised representation learning has proved to be a valuable component for out-of-distribution (OoD) detection with only the texts of in-distribution (ID) examples. These approaches either train a language model from scratch or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Qianhui Wu , Huiqiang Jiang , Haonan Yin , Börje F. Karlsson , Chin-Yew Lin

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the reliable deployment of machine learning models in real-world scenarios, enabling the identification of unknown samples or objects. A prominent approach to enhance OOD detection…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-05 Heng Gao , Jun Li

Molecular property prediction is a crucial foundation for drug discovery. In recent years, pre-trained deep learning models have been widely applied to this task. Some approaches that incorporate prior biological domain knowledge into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Tianyu Zhang , Yuxiang Ren , Chengbin Hou , Hairong Lv , Xuegong Zhang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for reliably deploying machine learning models in the wild. Yet, most methods treat large pre-trained models as monolithic encoders and rely solely on their final-layer representations for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 I. M. De la Jara , C. Rodriguez-Opazo , D. Teney , D. Ranasinghe , E. Abbasnejad

Understanding the decision-making and trusting the reliability of Deep Machine Learning Models is crucial for adopting such methods to safety-relevant applications. We extend self-explainable Prototypical Variational models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Conrad Orglmeister , Erik Bochinski , Volker Eiselein , Elvira Fleig

We explore a framework for protein sequence representation learning that decomposes the task between manifold learning and distributional modelling. Specifically we present a Latent Space Diffusion architecture which combines a protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Eoin Quinn , Ghassene Jebali , Maxime Seince , Oliver Bent

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is crucial for trustworthy AI in real-world applications. Leveraging recent advances in representation learning and latent embeddings, Various scoring algorithms estimate distributions beyond the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Jeng-Lin Li , Ming-Ching Chang , Wei-Chao Chen

Numerous machine learning (ML) models have been developed, including those for software engineering (SE) tasks, under the assumption that training and testing data come from the same distribution. However, training and testing distributions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yanfu Yan , Viet Duong , Huajie Shao , Denys Poshyvanyk

Pretrained Transformers achieve remarkable performance when training and test data are from the same distribution. However, in real-world scenarios, the model often faces out-of-distribution (OOD) instances that can cause severe semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Wenxuan Zhou , Fangyu Liu , Muhao Chen

Multimedia recommendation involves personalized ranking tasks, where multimedia content is usually represented using a generic encoder. However, these generic representations introduce spurious correlations that fail to reveal users' true…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Shanshan Huang , Haoxuan Li , Qingsong Li , Chunyuan Zheng , Li Liu

In programming, learning code representations has a variety of applications, including code classification, code search, comment generation, bug prediction, and so on. Various representations of code in terms of tokens, syntax trees,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Nghi D. Q. Bui , Yijun Yu

Contrastive learning, which aims to capture general representation from unlabeled images to initialize the medical analysis models, has been proven effective in alleviating the high demand for expensive annotations. Current methods mainly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Huai Chen , Renzhen Wang , Xiuying Wang , Jieyu Li , Qu Fang , Hui Li , Jianhao Bai , Qing Peng , Deyu Meng , Lisheng Wang