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Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities, but still struggle with complex reasoning tasks requiring multiple steps. While prompt-based methods like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) can improve LLM reasoning at inference time,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Haolin Chen , Yihao Feng , Zuxin Liu , Weiran Yao , Akshara Prabhakar , Shelby Heinecke , Ricky Ho , Phil Mui , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Huan Wang

Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) improve their performance through self-feedback on certain tasks while degrade on others. We discovered that such a contrary is due to LLM's bias in evaluating their own output. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Wenda Xu , Guanglei Zhu , Xuandong Zhao , Liangming Pan , Lei Li , William Yang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive mathematical reasoning capabilities, yet their performance remains brittle to minor variations in problem description and prompting strategy. Furthermore, reasoning is vulnerable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Sam Silver , Jimin Sun , Ivan Zhang , Sara Hooker , Eddie Kim

Large language models (LLMs), such as LLaMA, Alpaca, Vicuna, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, have advanced the performance of AI systems on various natural language processing tasks to human-like levels. However, their generalisation and robustness when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Qiming Bao , Gael Gendron , Alex Yuxuan Peng , Wanjun Zhong , Neset Tan , Yang Chen , Michael Witbrock , Jiamou Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly vulnerable to input perturbations, as even a small prompt change may result in a substantially different output. Existing methods to enhance LLM robustness are primarily focused on perturbed data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Aryan Agrawal , Lisa Alazraki , Shahin Honarvar , Marek Rei

This paper introduces a simple and scalable approach to improve the data efficiency of large language model (LLM) training by augmenting existing text data with thinking trajectories. The compute for pre-training LLMs has been growing at an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Shaohan Huang , Li Dong , Furu Wei

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the realm of mathematical reasoning necessitates comprehensive evaluations to gauge progress and inspire future directions. Existing assessments predominantly focus on problem-solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xiaoyuan Li , Wenjie Wang , Moxin Li , Junrong Guo , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng

A hallmark property of explainable AI models is the ability to teach other agents, communicating knowledge of how to perform a task. While Large Language Models perform complex reasoning by generating explanations for their predictions, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Swarnadeep Saha , Peter Hase , Mohit Bansal

The surprising ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform well on complex reasoning with only few-shot chain-of-thought prompts is believed to emerge only in very large-scale models (100+ billion parameters). We show that such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Yao Fu , Hao Peng , Litu Ou , Ashish Sabharwal , Tushar Khot

Recent research explores optimization using large language models (LLMs) by either iteratively seeking next-step solutions from LLMs or directly prompting LLMs for an optimizer. However, these approaches exhibit inherent limitations,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Zeyuan Ma , Hongshu Guo , Jiacheng Chen , Guojun Peng , Zhiguang Cao , Yining Ma , Yue-Jiao Gong

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in AI-based tutoring systems. Can they faithfully model novice reasoning and metacognitive judgments? Existing evaluations emphasize problem-solving accuracy, overlooking the fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Conrad Borchers , Jill-Jênn Vie , Roger Azevedo

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success on a broad range of tasks, math reasoning remains a challenging one. One of the approaches for improving math reasoning is self-correction, which designs self-improving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xutong Zhao , Tengyu Xu , Xuewei Wang , Zhengxing Chen , Di Jin , Liang Tan , Yen-Ting , Zishun Yu , Zhuokai Zhao , Yun He , Sinong Wang , Han Fang , Sarath Chandar , Chen Zhu

Humans generally acquire new skills without compromising the old; however, the opposite holds for Large Language Models (LLMs), e.g., from LLaMA to CodeLLaMA. To this end, we propose a new post-pretraining method for LLMs with an expansion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chengyue Wu , Yukang Gan , Yixiao Ge , Zeyu Lu , Jiahao Wang , Ye Feng , Ying Shan , Ping Luo

Language models have steadily increased in size over the past few years. They achieve a high level of performance on various natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as question answering and summarization. Large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Jessica Huynh , Cathy Jiao , Prakhar Gupta , Shikib Mehri , Payal Bajaj , Vishrav Chaudhary , Maxine Eskenazi

This study underscores the pivotal role of syntax feedback in augmenting the syntactic proficiency of students. Recognizing the challenges faced by learners in mastering syntactic nuances, we introduce a specialized dataset named…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Kamyar Zeinalipour , Mehak Mehak , Fatemeh Parsamotamed , Marco Maggini , Marco Gori

In this paper, we initiate our discussion by demonstrating how Large Language Models (LLMs), when tasked with responding to queries, display a more even probability distribution in their answers if they are more adept, as opposed to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Tingyu Xia , Bowen Yu , Yuan Wu , Yi Chang , Chang Zhou

Self-correction is essential for solving complex reasoning problems in vision-language models (VLMs). However, existing reinforcement learning (RL) methods struggle to learn it, as effective self-correction behaviors emerge only rarely,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yi Ding , Ziliang Qiu , Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. However, achieving strong performance in specialized domains like mathematical reasoning and non-English languages often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Huy Hoang Ha

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance in a wide range of tasks, even if they are often trained with the only objective of chatting fluently with users. Among other skills, LLMs show emergent abilities in mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Flavio Petruzzellis , Alberto Testolin , Alessandro Sperduti

Self-correction of large language models (LLMs) emerges as a critical component for enhancing their reasoning performance. Although various self-correction methods have been proposed, a comprehensive evaluation of these methods remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Guiyao Tie , Zenghui Yuan , Zeli Zhao , Chaoran Hu , Tianhe Gu , Ruihang Zhang , Sizhe Zhang , Junran Wu , Xiaoyue Tu , Ming Jin , Qingsong Wen , Lixing Chen , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun
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