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A totally semantic measure is presented which is able to calculate a similarity value between concept descriptions and also between concept description and individual or between individuals expressed in an expressive description logic. It…
Although much has been said about parallelism in discourse, a formal, computational theory of parallelism structure is still outstanding. In this paper, we present a theory which given two parallel utterances predicts which are the parallel…
We develop methods to formally describe and compare games, in order to probe questions of game structure and design, and as a stepping stone to predicting player behavior from design patterns. We define a grammar-like formalism to describe…
We propose a simple cognitive model where qualitative and quantitative com- parisons enable animals to identify objects, associate them with their properties held in memory and make naive inference. Simple notions like equivalence re-…
Similarity is a core notion that is used in psychology and two branches of linguistics: theoretical and computational. The similarity datasets that come from the two fields differ in design: psychological datasets are focused around a…
There are at least two kinds of similarity. Relational similarity is correspondence between relations, in contrast with attributional similarity, which is correspondence between attributes. When two words have a high degree of attributional…
Originality criteria are frequently used to compare assets and, in particular, to assess the validity of intellectual property (IP) rights such as copyright and design rights. In this work, the originality of an asset is formulated as a…
Analogy is one of the core capacities of human cognition; when faced with new situations, we often transfer prior experience from other domains. Most work on computational analogy relies heavily on complex, manually crafted input. In this…
Vector-space representations provide geometric tools for reasoning about the similarity of a set of objects and their relationships. Recent machine learning methods for deriving vector-space embeddings of words (e.g., word2vec) have…
Natural selection can create information. In particular, because of the action of natural selection, we can often learn something about an environment by examining local organisms, and vice versa. For example, the characteristics of a…
Surprisal theory posits that the cognitive effort required to comprehend a word is determined by its contextual predictability, quantified as surprisal. Traditionally, surprisal theory treats words as distinct entities, overlooking any…
The Jaccard similarity index has often been employed in science and technology as a means to quantify the similarity between two sets. When modified to operate on real-valued values, the Jaccard similarity index can be applied to compare…
Precision and Recall are two prominent metrics of generative performance, which were proposed to separately measure the fidelity and diversity of generative models. Given their central role in comparing and improving generative models,…
Antonymy has long received particular attention in lexical semantics. Previous studies have shown that antonym pairs frequently co-occur in text, across genres and parts of speech, more often than would be expected by chance. However,…
Authors of scientific articles use coins in photographs as a size reference for objects. For this purpose, coins are placed next to objects when taking the photo. In this letter we propose a novel method that uses artificial intelligence…
The use of language models for generating lyrics and poetry has received an increased interest in the last few years. They pose a unique challenge relative to standard natural language problems, as their ultimate purpose is reative, notions…
Optimal design of experiments for correlated processes is an increasingly relevant and active research topic. Present methods have restricted possibilities to judge their quality. To fill this gap, we complement the virtual noise approach…
Plagiarism is the practice of claiming to be someone else content, thoughts or ideas as one own without any proper credit and citations. This paper is a survey paper that, represent the some of the great research paper and its comparison…
Analogies help learners understand unfamiliar concepts by relating them to known concepts. Despite recent advances, large language models (LLMs) continue to struggle to generate analogies of comparable quality to those produced by humans.…
Many random combinatorial objects have a component structure whose joint distribution is equal to that of a process of mutually independent random variables, conditioned on the value of a weighted sum of the variables. It is interesting to…