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Modern multilingual models are trained on concatenated text from multiple languages in hopes of conferring benefits to each (positive transfer), with the most pronounced benefits accruing to low-resource languages. However, recent work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Zirui Wang , Zachary C. Lipton , Yulia Tsvetkov

We investigate how large language models perform on low-resource languages by benchmarking eight LLMs across five experimental conditions in English, Kazakh, and Mongolian. Using 50 hand-crafted questions spanning factual, reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abdul-Salem Beibitkhan

Massively multilingual sentence representations are trained on large corpora of uncurated data, with a very imbalanced proportion of languages included in the training. This may cause the models to grasp cultural values including moral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Katharina Hämmerl , Björn Deiseroth , Patrick Schramowski , Jindřich Libovický , Alexander Fraser , Kristian Kersting

Multilingual Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit robust cross-lingual transfer capabilities, or the ability to leverage information acquired in a source language and apply it to a target language. These capabilities find practical applications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Shadi Manafi , Nikhil Krishnaswamy

Large Language Models (LLMs), often show strong performance on English tasks, while exhibiting limitations on other languages. What is an LLM's multilingual capability when it is trained only on certain languages? The underlying mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Fei Yuan , Shuai Yuan , Zhiyong Wu , Lei Li

Pretrained multilingual language models have become a common tool in transferring NLP capabilities to low-resource languages, often with adaptations. In this work, we study the performance, extensibility, and interaction of two such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ethan C. Chau , Noah A. Smith

Multilingual language models have recently gained attention as a promising solution for representing multiple languages in a single model. In this paper, we propose new criteria to evaluate the quality of lexical representation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Tomasz Limisiewicz , Jiří Balhar , David Mareček

Multilingualism in Large Language Models (LLMs) is an yet under-explored area. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the multilingual capabilities of a family of a Large Language Model, examining its architecture, activation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Sunit Bhattacharya , Ondřej Bojar

As global demand for multilingual large language models (LLMs) grows, most LLMs still remain overly focused on English, leading to the limited access to advanced AI for non-English speakers. Current methods to enhance multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Weixiang Zhao , Yulin Hu , Jiahe Guo , Xingyu Sui , Tongtong Wu , Yang Deng , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu

This paper investigates how Large Language Models (LLMs) represent non-English tokens -- a question that remains underexplored despite recent progress. We propose a lightweight intervention method using representation steering, where a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Omar Mahmoud , Buddhika Laknath Semage , Thommen George Karimpanal , Santu Rana

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to lack cultural representation and overall diversity in their generations, from expressing opinions to answering factual questions. To mitigate this problem, we propose multilingual prompting: a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qihan Wang , Shidong Pan , Tal Linzen , Emily Black

Despite advancements in English-dominant generative large language models, further development is needed for low-resource languages to enhance global accessibility. The primary methods for representing these languages are monolingual and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Cagri Toraman

Although recent Massively Multilingual Language Models (MMLMs) like mBERT and XLMR support around 100 languages, most existing multilingual NLP benchmarks provide evaluation data in only a handful of these languages with little linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Kabir Ahuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

The impact of different multilingual data mixtures in pretraining large language models (LLMs) has been a topic of ongoing debate, often raising concerns about potential trade-offs between language coverage and model performance (i.e., the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Negar Foroutan , Paul Teiletche , Ayush Kumar Tarun , Antoine Bosselut

Multilingual generative models obtain remarkable cross-lingual in-context learning capabilities through pre-training on large-scale corpora. However, they still exhibit a performance bias toward high-resource languages and learn isolated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Chong Li , Shaonan Wang , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

Multilingual pre-trained language models(mPLMs) offer significant benefits for many low-resource languages. To further expand the range of languages these models can support, many works focus on continued pre-training of these models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jianyu Zheng

Recent advances in neural TTS have led to models that can produce high-quality synthetic speech. However, these models typically require large amounts of training data, which can make it costly to produce a new voice with the desired…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-25 Marcel de Korte , Jaebok Kim , Esther Klabbers

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across diverse languages. This study explores how LLMs handle multilingualism. Based on observed language ratio shifts among layers and the relationships between network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yiran Zhao , Wenxuan Zhang , Guizhen Chen , Kenji Kawaguchi , Lidong Bing

Modern NLP breakthrough includes large multilingual models capable of performing tasks across more than 100 languages. State-of-the-art language models came a long way, starting from the simple one-hot representation of words capable of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Fahim Faisal

Social bias in language models can potentially exacerbate social inequalities. Despite it having garnered wide attention, most research focuses on English data. In a low-resource scenario, the models often perform worse due to insufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ej Zhou , Weiming Lu