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Related papers: Collatz conjecture becomes theorem

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The Collatz Conjecture's connection to dynamical systems opens it to a variety of techniques aimed at recurrence and density results. First, we turn to density results and strengthen the result of Terras through finding a strict rate of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Idris Assani , Ethan Ebbighausen

We build a variant of Collatz Conjecture for polynomials over $\mathbb{F}_2$ and we prove that it is solved. By the way, we give several examples.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Luis H. Gallardo , Olivier Rahavandrainy

The Collatz and $abc$ conjectures, both well known and thoroughly studied, appear to be largely unrelated at first sight. We show that assuming the $abc$ conjecture true is helpful to improve the lower bound of integers initiating a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Olivier Rozier

Exploring the Collatz Conjecture and changing the expression from 3n + 1 to 5n + 1, we found patterns in different sets of numbers. Some numbers reduce to one (as stated in the Collatz Conjecture), some might escape to infinity, and some…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-03 Shouvik Ahmed Antu , Raina Shrimali , Miranda Jones

The Collatz map is defined for a positive even integer as half that integer, and for a positive odd integer as that integer threefold, plus one. The Collatz conjecture states that when the map is iterated the number one is eventually…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-19 Michael Albert , Bjarki Gudmundsson , Henning Ulfarsson

The scope of the present work is to explain why it is true that all N have a distinct position in The Collatz Tree (The Collatz Graph)

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 R. Bruun

In this article we present set of infinite natural numbers which satisfies the conjecture $3n+1$.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-08-05 G. H. S. Costa , A. C. Souza Filho

The Collatz conjecture states that repeated steps of $n\mathrm{\to }\mathrm{3}n\mathrm{+1}$ at odd numbers and $n\mathrm{\to }n\mathrm{/2}$ at even numbers amount to walks over root paths to the branching number $c=4$ in the `trivial'…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2024-04-29 Jan Kleinnijenhuis , Alissa M. Kleinnijenhuis , Mustafa G. Aydogan

The counting function for the numbers satisfying the Collatz conjecture is studied. A related exponential congruence equation is investigated, yielding a method to construct its solutions from free variables, and enabling us to find at…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Chunlei Liu

We establish an equivalent condition to the validity of the Collatz conjecture, using elementary methods. We derive some conclusions and show several examples of our results. We also offer a variety of exercises, problems and conjectures.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Diego Dominici

We show that there can be no algorithm to decide whether infinite recursively described acyclic aspherical 2-complexes are contractible. We construct such a complex that is contractible if and only if the Collatz conjecture holds.

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-23 Ian J Leary

I show here that there are three different kinds of iterations for the reduced Collatz algorithm; depending on whether the root of the number is odd or even. There is only one kind of iteration if the root is odd and two kinds if the root…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-10-28 Leonel Sternberg

Holographic algorithms are a recent breakthrough in computer science and has found applications in information theory. This paper provides a proof to the central component of holographic algorithms, namely, the Holant theorem. Compared with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-05-11 Ali Al-Bashabsheh , Yongyi Mao , Abbas Yongacoglu

Sequence of numbers generated by the recurrence relation based on the Collatz conjecture is investigated. An arithmetic operation on the Collatz conjecture is called descending operation, and ascending operation is carried out reversely to…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-11-22 Kyo Jin Ihn

The famous 3x + 1 problem of L. Collatz needs no introduction; however, this paper concerns a lesser-known, but similarly unresolved, precursor problem : the Original Collatz Conjecture, or OCC. We demonstrate that the core arithmetic…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-10 Peter Hines

Linear-constraint loops are programs whose transition relation is specified by a system of linear inequalities. The termination problem asks, given a loop, whether it admits an infinite computation. Decidability of termination remains open…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Mishel Carelli

We give a short proof of Belaga's result on bounds to perigees of $(3x+d)$-cycles of a given oddlength. We also reformulate the Collatz cycle conjecture which is rather a algorithmic problem into a purely arithmetic problem.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-23 Masayoshi Kaneda

In the paper, from the point of view of recurrent numbers of the Jacobsthal type, the Collatz problem with the general aq+-1 function of conjecture odd positive integers q from the set of natural numbers is investigated. Formulated…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-08-08 Petro Kosobutskyy

The $3x+1$ problem, also called the Collatz conjecture, is a very interesting unsolved mathematical problem related to computer science. This paper generalized this problem by relaxing the constraints, i.e., generalizing this deterministic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-11-25 Bojin Zheng , Yangqian Su , Hongrun Wu , Li Kuang

In this paper, we will introduce an extension to the Collatz's conjecture. This conjecture may be seen as a general conjecture that unifies the Collatz one together with many other similar conjectures. For instance, we propose our new…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Abderrahman Bouhamidi