Related papers: Pawlak, Belnap and the magical number seven
The main aim of this paper is to introduce the logics of evidence and truth LETK+ and LETF+ together with a sound, complete, and decidable six-valued deterministic semantics for them. These logics extend the logics LETK and LETF- with rules…
We review four areas of theoretical computer science which share technical or philosophical ideas with the work of Belnap on his useful four-valued logic. Perhaps surprisingly, the inspiration by Belnap-Dunn logic is acknowledged only in…
This paper is an extended version of an earlier submission to WoLLIC 2023. We discuss two-layered logics formalising reasoning with probabilities and belief functions that combine the Lukasiewicz $[0,1]$-valued logic with Baaz $\triangle$…
We study the lattice of extensions of four-valued Belnap--Dunn logic, called super-Belnap logics by analogy with superintuitionistic logics. We describe the global structure of this lattice by splitting it into several subintervals, and…
We design an expansion of Belnap--Dunn logic with belief and plausibility functions that allow non-trivial reasoning with inconsistent and incomplete probabilistic information. We also formalise reasoning with non-standard probabilities and…
The four-valued semantics of Belnap--Dunn logic, consisting of the truth values True, False, Neither, and Both, gives rise to several non-classical logics depending on which feature of propositions we wish to preserve: truth, non-falsity,…
The first contribution of this paper is the presentation of a Pavelka - like formulation of possibilistic logic in which the language is naturally enriched by two connectives which represent negation (eg) and a new type of conjunction…
This paper presents a thoroughgoing interpretation of a weak relevant logic built over the Dunn-Belnap four-valued semantics in terms of the communication of information in a network of sites of knowledge production (laboratories). The…
We discuss two two-layered logics formalising reasoning with paraconsistent probabilities that combine the Lukasiewicz $[0,1]$-valued logic with Baaz $\triangle$ operator and the Belnap--Dunn logic.
This paper proposes an approach to information-based logics using many-logic modal structures (MLMS). These structures can express accessibility relations between worlds with different underlying logics by anchoring them to a base lattice,…
A recent line of research has developed around logics of belief based on evidence. The approach of B\'ilkov\'a et al understands belief as based on information confirmed by a reliable source. We propose a finer analysis of how belief can be…
We present a logic for reasoning about graded inequalities which generalizes the ordinary inequational logic used in universal algebra. The logic deals with atomic predicate formulas of the form of inequalities between terms and formalizes…
We introduce a proper display calculus for (non-distributive) Lattice Logic which is sound, complete, conservative, and enjoys cut-elimination and sub-formula property. Properness (i.e. closure under uniform substitution of all parametric…
We explore the problem of explaining observations starting from a classically inconsistent theory by adopting a paraconsistent framework. We consider two expansions of the well-known Belnap--Dunn paraconsistent four-valued logic…
This paper presents a sound, complete, and decidable analytic tableau system for the logic of evidence and truth \letf, introduced in Rodrigues, Bueno-Soler \& Carnielli (Synthese, DOI: 10.1007/s11229-020-02571-w, 2020). \letf\ is an…
Belnap-Dunn's relevance logic, BD, was designed seeking a suitable logical device for dealing with multiple information sources which sometimes may provide inconsistent and/or incomplete pieces of information. BD is a four-valued logic…
Real-valued logics underlie an increasing number of neuro-symbolic approaches, though typically their logical inference capabilities are characterized only qualitatively. We provide foundations for establishing the correctness and power of…
Bilattices provide an algebraic tool with which to model simultaneously knowledge and truth. They were introduced by Belnap in 1977 in a paper entitled \emph{How a computer should think}. Belnap argued that instead of using a logic with two…
Justification Logics provide a framework for reasoning about justifications and evidences. Most of the accounts of justification logics are crisp in the sense that agent's justifications for a statement is convincing or is not. In this…
Belnap-Dunn logic (BD), sometimes also known as First Degree Entailment, is a four-valued propositional logic that complements the classical truth values of True and False with two non-classical truth values Neither and Both. The latter two…