Related papers: Blinding for precision scattering experiments: The…
Observational studies are valuable tools for inferring causal effects in the absence of controlled experiments. However, these studies may be biased due to the presence of some relevant, unmeasured set of covariates. One approach to…
The potential for bias and unfairness in AI-supporting government services raises ethical and legal concerns. Using crime rate prediction with the Bristol City Council data as a case study, we examine how these issues persist. Rather than…
In science and medicine, model interpretations may be reported as discoveries of natural phenomena or used to guide patient treatments. In such high-stakes tasks, false discoveries may lead investigators astray. These applications would…
Neutrino experiments study the least understood of the Standard Model particles by observing their direct interactions with matter or searching for ultra-rare signals. The study of neutrinos typically requires overcoming large backgrounds,…
Typically, a randomized experiment is designed to test a hypothesis about the average treatment effect and sometimes hypotheses about treatment effect variation. The results of such a study may then be used to inform policy and practice for…
These proceedings describe the physics goals and initial design for a new experiment: NuSOnG -- Neutrino Scattering On Glass. The design will yield about two orders of magnitude higher statistics than previous high energy neutrino…
The MUon Scattering Experiment, MUSE, at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, investigates the proton charge radius puzzle, lepton universality, and two-photon exchange, via simultaneous measurements of elastic muon-proton and…
In this work, we present a novel type of molecular dynamics simulation that aims at discovering, in a blind way, new metastable states. Using only data coming from an initial unbiased simulation, and with the help of an appropriately…
In an observational study, it is common to leverage known null effect to detect bias. One such strategy is to set aside a placebo sample -- a subset of data immune from the hypothesized cause-and-effect relationship. Existence of an effect…
Thanks to J.~Schwinger, the process of elastic scattering of neutrons by nuclei is known to depend on the interference between a nuclear amplitude and an electromagnetic one for small scattering angles, resulting in spin asymmetries of a…
The main purpose of scattering experiments is to unveil the underlying structure of the colliding particles and their interaction. Typically one measures scattering observables (cross sections and polarizations) at discrete angles and…
Many problems in science and engineering require making predictions based on few observations. To build a robust predictive model, these sparse data may need to be augmented with simulated data, especially when the design space is…
In a statistical analysis in Particle Physics, nuisance parameters can be introduced to take into account various types of systematic uncertainties. The best estimate of such a parameter is often modeled as a Gaussian distributed variable…
We present a universal method to include residual un-modeled background shape uncertainties in likelihood based statistical tests for high energy physics and astroparticle physics. This approach provides a simple and natural protection…
Due to the high penetrating power of cosmic ray muons, they can be used to probe very thick and dense objects. As charged particles, they can be tracked by ionization detectors, determining the position and direction of the muons. With…
Estimating the free energy in molecular simulation requires, implicitly or explicitly, counting how many times the system is observed in a finite region. If the simulation is biased by an external potential, the weight of the configurations…
Scattering prevents light from being focused in turbid media. The effect of scattering can be negated through wavefront shaping techniques when a localized form of feedback is available. Even in the absence of such a localized reporter,…
Clinicians increasingly rely on prediction models to guide treatment choices. Most prediction models, however, are developed using observational data that include some patients who have already received the treatment the prediction model is…
The probability of large-angle scattering for multi-GeV muons in thin ($t/X_0 \sim 10^{-1}$) lead targets is studied. The new estimates presented here are based both on simulation programs (GEANT4 libraries) and theoretical calculations. In…
Unfolding is an ill-posed inverse problem in particle physics aiming to infer a true particle-level spectrum from smeared detector-level data. For computational and practical reasons, these spaces are typically discretized using histograms,…