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Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a powerful technique for probing the nanoscale structure of materials. However, the fundamental limitations of neutron flux pose significant challenges for rapid, high-fidelity data acquisition…
Detecting anisotropic screening of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) holds the promise of revealing the distribution of gas in the Universe, characterizing the complex processes of galaxy formation and feedback, and studying the epoch…
In this article, we explore the ability of direct and indirect dark matter experiments to not only detect neutralino dark matter, but to constrain and measure the parameters of supersymmetry. In particular, we explore the relationship…
Mutually unbiased measurements (MUMs) are generalized from the concept of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) and include the complete set of MUBs as a special case, but they are superior to MUBs as they do not need to be rank one projectors. We…
Bugs, misconfiguration, and malware can cause ballot-marking devices (BMDs) to print incorrect votes. Several approaches to testing BMDs have been proposed. In logic and accuracy testing (LAT) and parallel or live testing, auditors input…
Quantum measurements are not deterministic. For this reason quantum measurements are repeated for a number of shots on identically prepared systems. The uncertainty in each measurement depends on the number of shots and the expected outcome…
Identifying causal treatment (or exposure) effects in observational studies requires the data to satisfy the unconfoundedness assumption which is not testable using the observed data. With sensitivity analysis, one can determine how the…
We investigate the potential of short-baseline experiments in order to measure the dispersion relation of the (muon) neutrino, with a prospect of eventually measuring the neutrino mass. As a byproduct, the experiment would help to constrain…
The original formulation of BEAMS - Bayesian Estimation Applied to Multiple Species - showed how to use a dataset contaminated by points of multiple underlying types to perform unbiased parameter estimation. An example is cosmological…
Optical focusing through/inside scattering media, like multimode fiber and biological tissues, has significant impact in biomedicine yet considered challenging due to strong scattering nature of light. Previously, promising progress has…
Bayesian inference is a popular approach to calibrating uncertainties, but it can underpredict such uncertainties when model misspecification is present, impacting its reliability to inform decision making. Recently, the statistics and…
We investigate a new sampling scheme aimed at improving the performance of particle filters whenever (a) there is a significant mismatch between the assumed model dynamics and the actual system, or (b) the posterior probability tends to…
Algorithmic fairness has emphasized the role of biased data in automated decision outcomes. Recently, there has been a shift in attention to sources of bias that implicate fairness in other stages in the ML pipeline. We contend that one…
Change blindness is a striking shortcoming of our visual system which is exploited in the popular "Spot the difference" game. It makes us unable to notice large visual changes happening right before our eyes and illustrates the fact that we…
A frequently faced task in experimental physics is to measure the probability distribution of some quantity. Often this quantity to be measured is smeared by a non-ideal detector response or by some physical process. The procedure of…
Inferring the causal effect of a non-randomly assigned exposure on an outcome requires adjusting for common causes of the exposure and outcome to avoid biased conclusions. Notwithstanding the efforts investigators routinely make to measure…
Some recent precision experiments in low energy muon physics are discussed. Spectroscopy on the muonium atom, the bound state of a positve muon and an electron, has provided precise tests of standard theory and yielded most precise values…
Matched observational studies are commonly used to study treatment effects in non-randomized data. After matching for observed confounders, there could remain bias from unobserved confounders. A standard way to address this problem is to do…
We propose here a set of new methods to directly detect light mass dark matter through its scattering with abundant atmospheric muons or accelerator beams. Firstly, we plan to use the free cosmic-ray muons interacting with dark matter in a…
Exposure mappings are widely used to model potential outcomes in the presence of interference, where each unit's outcome may depend not only on its own treatment, but also on the treatment of other units as well. However, in practice these…