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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have sparked considerable interest in automated theorem proving and a prominent line of research integrates stepwise LLM-based provers into tree search. In this paper, we introduce a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junyu Lai , Jiakun Zhang , Shuo Xu , Taolue Chen , Zihang Wang , Yao Yang , Jiarui Zhang , Chun Cao , Jingwei Xu

Recently, with the chain of thought (CoT) prompting, large language models (LLMs), e.g., GPT-3, have shown strong reasoning ability in several natural language processing tasks such as arithmetic, commonsense, and logical reasoning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yixuan Weng , Minjun Zhu , Fei Xia , Bin Li , Shizhu He , Shengping Liu , Bin Sun , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Existing approaches to mathematical reasoning with large language models (LLMs) rely on Chain-of-Thought (CoT) for generalizability or Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) for precise computation. While efforts have been made to combine these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xin Xu , Yan Xu , Tianhao Chen , Yuchen Yan , Chengwu Liu , Zaoyu Chen , Yufei Wang , Yichun Yin , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Lu Yin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in code generation and structured reasoning; however, their performance often degrades on complex tasks that require consistent multi-step planning. Recent work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Fei Xu Yu , Gina Adam , Nathaniel D. Bastian , Tian Lan

Many applications of large language models (LLMs) require deductive reasoning, yet models frequently produce incorrect or redundant inference steps. We frame natural language inference as a search problem where the final answer is the valid…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andreas Opedal , Francesco Ignazio Re , Abulhair Saparov , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schölkopf , Ryan Cotterell

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable potential in various complex tasks requiring multi-step reasoning methods like tree search to explore diverse reasoning paths. However, existing methods often suffer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Sungjae Lee , Hyejin Park , Jaechang Kim , Jungseul Ok

The ubiquity and value of tables as semi-structured data across various domains necessitate advanced methods for understanding their complexity and vast amounts of information. Despite the impressive capabilities of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Deyi Ji , Lanyun Zhu , Siqi Gao , Peng Xu , Hongtao Lu , Jieping Ye , Feng Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities across diverse domains. Recent studies have shown that increasing test-time computation enhances LLMs' reasoning capabilities. This typically involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Maohao Shen , Guangtao Zeng , Zhenting Qi , Zhang-Wei Hong , Zhenfang Chen , Wei Lu , Gregory Wornell , Subhro Das , David Cox , Chuang Gan

Despite the remarkable successes of large language models (LLMs), the underlying Transformer architecture has inherent limitations in handling complex reasoning tasks. Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting has emerged as a practical workaround,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xiang Zhang , Juntai Cao , Jiaqi Wei , Chenyu You , Dujian Ding

Multi-step multimodal reasoning tasks pose significant challenges for multimodal large language models (MLLMs), and finding effective ways to enhance their performance in such scenarios remains an unresolved issue. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Guanting Dong , Chenghao Zhang , Mengjie Deng , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen

Effective decision-making and problem-solving in conversational systems require the ability to identify and acquire missing information through targeted questioning. A key challenge lies in efficiently narrowing down a large space of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Harshita Chopra , Chirag Shah

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable capacity across a variety of tasks. However, reasoning remains a challenge for LLMs. To improve LLMs' reasoning ability, process supervision has proven to be better than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Shuangtao Li , Shuaihao Dong , Kexin Luan , Xinhan Di , Chaofan Ding

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities, yet their performance is highly dependent on the prompting strategy and model scale. While reinforcement learning and fine-tuning have been deployed to boost…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Tushar Pandey , Ara Ghukasyan , Oktay Goktas , Santosh Kumar Radha

Levin Tree Search (LTS) is a search algorithm that makes use of a policy (a probability distribution over actions) and comes with a theoretical guarantee on the number of expansions before reaching a goal node, depending on the quality of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Laurent Orseau , Marcus Hutter , Levi H. S. Lelis

This paper investigates the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving complex linguistic puzzles, a domain requiring advanced reasoning and adept translation capabilities akin to human cognitive processes. We explore specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zheng-Lin Lin , Yu-Fei Shih , Shu-Kai Hsieh

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought substantial attention to the Chain of Thought (CoT) approach, primarily due to its ability to enhance the capability of LLMs on complex reasoning tasks. Moreover, the significance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Bingshuai Liu , Chenyang Lyu , Zijun Min , Zhanyu Wang , Jinsong Su , Longyue Wang

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT series and Llama series have demonstrated strong capabilities in natural language processing, contextual understanding, and text generation. In recent years, researchers are trying to enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ziyang Chen , Stylios Moscholios

Effective problem solving with Large Language Models (LLMs) can be enhanced when they are paired with external search algorithms. By viewing the space of diverse ideas and their follow-up possibilities as a tree structure, the search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jungtaek Kim , Thomas Zeng , Ziqian Lin , Minjae Lee , Chungpa Lee , Jy-yong Sohn , Hyung Il Koo , Kangwook Lee

While large language models excel in a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, to perform well on spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks, they must either rely on off-the-shelf automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Pranay Dighe , Yi Su , Shangshang Zheng , Yunshu Liu , Vineet Garg , Xiaochuan Niu , Ahmed Tewfik

Tree-search decoding is an effective form of test-time scaling for large language models (LLMs), but real-world deployment imposes a fixed per-query token budget that varies across settings. Existing tree-search policies are largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Sora Miyamoto , Daisuke Oba , Naoaki Okazaki
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