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Bitcoin has emerged as a revolutionary payment system with its decentralized ledger concept; however it has significant problems such as high transaction fees and low throughput. Lightning Network (LN), which was introduced much later,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Ahmet Kurt , Kemal Akkaya , Sabri Yilmaz , Suat Mercan , Omer Shlomovits , Enes Erdin

Blockchain has received tremendous attention in non-monetary applications including the Internet of Things (IoT) due to its salient features including decentralization, security, auditability, and anonymity. Most conventional blockchains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Ali Dorri , Raja Jurdak

Public blockchains provide a decentralized method for storing transaction data and have many applications in different sectors. In order for users to track transactions, a simple method is to let them keep a local copy of the entire public…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Lei Xu , Lin Chen , Zhimin Gao , Shouhuai Xu , Weidong Shi

Smart contracts are cryptographic protocols that are enforced without a judiciary. Smart contracts are used occasionally in Bitcoin and are prevalent in Ethereum. Public quantum money improves upon cash we use today, yet the current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 Or Sattath

Bitcoin has emerged as a revolutionary payment system with its decentralized ledger concept however it has significant problems such as high transaction fees and long confirmation times. Lightning Network (LN), which was introduced much…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Ahmet Kurt , Suat Mercan , Omer Shlomovits , Enes Erdin , Kemal Akkaya

Client diversity is a cornerstone of blockchain resilience, yet most networks suffer from a dangerously skewed distribution of client implementations. This monoculture exposes the network to very risky scenarios, such as massive financial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Javier Ron , Zheyuan He , Martin Monperrus

Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have made payment transactions possible without a trusted third party, but they have a scalability issue due to their consensus mechanisms. Payment networks have emerged to overcome this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Junmo Lee , Seongjun Kim , Sanghyeon Park , Soo-Mook Moon

Delegation of cryptographic signing rights has found many application in the literature and the real world. However, despite very advanced functionalities and specific use cases, existing solutions share the natural limitation that the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Stephan Krenn , Thomas Lorünser

We present models that utilize smart contracts and interledger mechanisms to provide decentralized authorization for constrained IoT devices. The models involve different tradeoffs in terms of cost, delay, complexity, and privacy, while…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Vasilios A. Siris , Dimitrios Dimopoulos , Nikos Fotiou , Spyros Voulgaris , George C. Polyzos

Recently, graph embedding techniques have been widely used in the analysis of various networks, but most of the existing embedding methods omit the network dynamics and the multiplicity of edges, so it is difficult to accurately describe…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Jiajing Wu , Dan Lin , Zibin Zheng , Qi Yuan

This paper formalizes the proves the security of the Bridgeless protocol, a protocol able to bridge tokens between various chains. The Bridgeless protocol is run by a set of validators, responsible for verifying deposit transactions on the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Orestis Alpos , Oleg Fomenko , Dimitris Karakostas , Oleksandr Kurbatov , Andrey Sabelnikov

Ethereum is an open-source, public, blockchain-based distributed computing platform and operating system featuring smart contract functionality. In this paper, we proposed an Ethereum based eletronic voting (e-voting) protocol, Ques-Chain,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Qixuan Zhang , Bowen Xu , Haotian Jing , Zeyu Zheng

With the development of Ethereum, numerous blockchains compatible with Ethereum's execution environment (i.e., Ethereum Virtual Machine, EVM) have emerged. Developers can leverage smart contracts to run various complex decentralized…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Chaoyue Yin , Mingzhe Li , Jin Zhang , You Lin , Qingsong Wei , Siow Mong Rick Goh

Smart contracts are computer programs that can be consistently executed by a network of mutually distrusting nodes, without the arbitration of a trusted authority. Because of their resilience to tampering, smart contracts are appealing in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Massimo Bartoletti , Livio Pompianu

Bitcoin stands as a groundbreaking development in decentralized exchange throughout human history, enabling transactions without the need for intermediaries. By leveraging cryptographic proof mechanisms, Bitcoin eliminates the reliance on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Han Song , Yihao Wei , Zhongche Qu , Weihan Wang

Blockchain platforms, such as Ethereum, allow a set of actors to maintain a ledger of transactions without relying on a central authority and to deploy scripts, called smart contracts, that are executed whenever certain transactions occur.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Orlenys López-Pintado , Luciano García-Bañuelos , Marlon Dumas , Ingo Weber , Alex Ponomarev

Unlike Ethereum, which was conceived as a general-purpose smart-contract platform, Bitcoin was designed primarily as a transaction ledger for its native currency, which limits programmability for conditional applications. This constraint is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Giulio Caldarelli

The peer-to-peer (P2P) network of blockchain used to transport its transactions and blocks has a high impact on the efficiency and security of the system. The P2P network topologies of popular blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Taotao Wang , Chonghe Zhao , Qing Yang , Shengli Zhang , Soung Chang Liew

A Coordination Blockchain is a blockchain with the task of coordinating activities of multiple private blockchains. This paper discusses the pros and cons of using Ethereum MainNet, the public Ethereum blockchain, as a Coordination…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-17 Peter Robinson

The aim of this work is to study the use of decentralization and smart contracts on blockchain networks. We investigate the implementation and use of smart contracts on the platforms Bitcoin, Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric. Additionally,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Theodosis Mourouzis , Jayant Tandon