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The integration of inverter-interfaced generators introduces new instability phenomena into modern power systems. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of two widely used droop-based grid-forming controls, namely droop control and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-28 Meng Chen , Yufei Xi , Lin Cheng , Xiongfei Wang , Ioannis Lestas

We consider the problem of voltage stability and reactive power balancing in islanded small-scale electrical networks outfitted with DC/AC inverters ("microgrids"). A droop-like voltage feedback controller is proposed which is quadratic in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-21 John W. Simpson-Porco , Florian Dorfler , Francesco Bullo

Grid-forming voltage source converter (GF-VSC) has been identified as the key technology for the operation of future converter-dominated power systems. Among many other issues, transient stability of this type of power systems remains an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-09 Régulo E. Ávila-Martínez , Javier Renedo , Luis Rouco , Aurelio García-Cerrada , Lukas Sigrist , Taoufik Qoria , Xavier Guillaud

Active power oscillations frequently arise in inverter-dominated power systems with multiple converters operating under Virtual Synchronous Generator control, posing risks to system stability and protection coordination. While various…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-29 Junjie Xiao , Lu Wang , Xiong Du , Pedro Rodriguez , Zian Qin

Grid-following inverters have been widely adopted as a grid interface for renewable energy, and ensuring their small-signal and large-signal stability is critical to modern power systems. Their large-signal, or transient, stability is a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Yifan Zhang , Yunjie Gu , Yue Zhu , Yitong Li , Hsiao-Dong Chiang , Timothy C. Green

This work develops a constraint-aware grid-forming (GFM) control that explicitly accounts for current limits and modulation limits within the GFM oscillator dynamics generating the GFM voltage reference (i.e., phase angle and magnitude).…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Dominic Groß

This paper presents a robust secondary control strategy for frequency synchronization and active power sharing for inverter-based microgrids. The problem is addressed in a multi-agent fashion where the local controllers of the distributed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-27 Milad Gholami , Gianni Bianchini , Antonio Vicino

We address the conditions and design of controllers and observers for homogeneous networks of linear MIMO agents. We develop networked controllers and observers that ensure the stability of both the system state and the estimation error,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 G. Q. Bao Tran , Yutaka Hori , Shinji Hara

In this paper we present new (stochastic) passivity properties for Direct Current (DC) power networks, where the unknown and unpredictable load demand is modelled by a stochastic process. More precisely, the considered power network…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-27 Amirreza Silani , Michele Cucuzzella , Jacquelien M. A. Scherpen , Mohammad Javad Yazdanpanah

We propose data-driven decentralized control algorithms for stabilizing interconnected systems. We first derive a data-driven condition to synthesize a local controller that ensures the dissipativity of the local subsystems. Then, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-18 Taiki Nakano , Ahmed Aboudonia , Jaap Eising , Andrea Martinelli , Florian Dörfler , John Lygeros

Subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs) involving grid-forming converters (GFCs) are in a less familiar territory of power system dynamics. This letter reports a new phenomenon namely cross-area SSOs in grids with 100% droop-controlled GFC-based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Lilan Karunaratne , Nilanjan Ray Chaudhuri , Amirthagunaraj Yogarathnam , Meng Yue

We present a novel grid-forming control design approach for dynamic virtual power plants (DVPP). We consider a group of heterogeneous grid-forming distributed energy resources (DER) which collectively provide desired dynamic ancillary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-01 Verena Häberle , Ali Tayyebi , Xiuqiang He , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Florian Dörfler

Operating modern power grids with stability guarantees is admittedly imperative. Classic stability methods are not well-suited for these dynamic systems as they involve centralized gathering of information and computation of the system's…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-18 Stefanos Baros , Andrey Bernstein , Nikos Hatziargyriou

This paper considers the control of AC-AC inter-linking converters (ILCs) in a multi-grid network. We overview the control schemes in the literature and propose a passivity framework for the stabilization of multi-grid networks, considering…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-09 Jeremy Watson , Ioannis Lestas

This paper investigates transient performance of inverter-based microgrids in terms of the resistive power losses incurred in regulating frequency under persistent stochastic disturbances. We model the inverters as second-order oscillators…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-03-22 Emma Tegling , Martin Andreasson , John W. Simpson-Porco , Henrik Sandberg

In this paper, we present some preliminary results for compositional analysis of heterogeneous systems containing both discrete state models and continuous systems using consistent notions of dissipativity and passivity. We study the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-15 Xiangru Xu , Necmiye Ozay , Vijay Gupta

Multi-terminal high-voltage Direct Current technology based on Voltage-Source Converter stations (VSC-MTDC) is expected to be one of the most important contributors to the future of electric power systems. In fact, among other features, it…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-02 Javier Renedo , Luis Rouco , Aurelio Garcia-Cerrada , Lukas Sigrist

For the paradigmatic case of the damped quantum harmonic oscillator we present two measurement-based feedback schemes to control the stability of its fixed point. The first scheme feeds back a Pyragas-like time-delayed reference signal and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-10 Philipp Strasberg , Gernot Schaller , Tobias Brandes

As the penetration level of distributed energy resources (DERs) continues to rise, traditional frequency and voltage support from synchronous machines declines. This weakens grid stability and increases the need for fast and adaptive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-06 Yan Tong , Qin Wang , Sihao Chen , Xue Hu , Zhaoyuan Wu

We investigate the stabilizability of discrete-time linear switched systems, when the sole control action of the controller is the switching signal, and when the controller has access to the state of the system in real time. Despite their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-20 Carl P. Dettmann , R. M. Jungers , P. Mason