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Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) is an emerging technology that uses multiple reconfigurable surface layers to enable flexible wave-based beamforming. In this paper, we focus on an \ac{SIM}-assisted multi-user multiple-input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-22 Nipuni Ginige , Prathapasinghe Dharmawansa , Arthur Sousa de Sena , Nurul Huda Mahmood , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

The recent combination of the rising architectures, known as stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) and holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO), drives toward breakthroughs for next-generation wireless communication systems. Given…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Anastasios Papazafeiropoulos , Pandelis Kourtessis , Dimitra I. Kaklamani , Iakovos S. Venieris

Large-scale multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems are capable of achieving high date rate. However, given the high hardware cost and excessive power consumption of massive MIMO systems, as a remedy, intelligent metasurfaces have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Qingchao Li , Mohammed El-Hajjar , Chao Xu , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen , Lajos Hanzo

Conventional digital beamforming for wideband multiuser orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) demands numerous power-hungry components, increasing hardware costs and complexity. By contrast, the stacked intelligent metasurfaces…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-11 Zheao Li , Jiancheng An , Chau Yuen

Flexible intelligent metasurface (FIM) is a recently developed, groundbreaking hardware technology with promising potential for 6G wireless systems. Unlike conventional rigid antenna array (RAA)-based transmitters, FIM-assisted transmitters…

Emerging technologies, such as holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) and stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM), are driving the development of wireless communication systems. Specifically, the SIM is physically constructed by…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Xianghao Yao , Jiancheng An , Lu Gan , Marco Di Renzo , Chau Yuen

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems play an essential role in direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. A large number of antennas used in a MIMO system imposes a huge complexity burden on the popular DOA estimation algorithms, such…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-16 Md Imrul Hasan , Mohammad Saquib

Spatial and temporal delays in a wireless multi-antenna system, paired with an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform, can be utilized to estimate the Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Time of Arrival (ToA) of scatterers in the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-25 Chandrashekhar Rai , Debarati Sen

Direction of arrival estimation (DoAE) aims at tracking a sound in azimuth and elevation. Recent advancements include data-driven models with inputs derived from ambisonics intensity vectors or correlations between channels in a microphone…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Adrian S. Roman , Iran R. Roman , Juan P. Bello

Vast tunable optical components are realized based on dynamic reconfigurations of the incident wavefronts, such as beam steering and tunable lens. However, the dominant paradigm of current wavefront reconfiguration technologies relies on…

Optics · Physics 2022-01-27 Wenjun Deng , Weiming Zhu , Yuzhi Shi , Zhijun Liu , Guanxing Zang , Jin Qin , Shiyu Zhu

Stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) represent a breakthrough in wireless hardware by comprising multilayer, programmable metasurfaces capable of analog computing in the electromagnetic (EM) wave domain. By examining their architectural…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Hetong Wang , Yashuai Cao , Tiejun Lv

We investigate the integration of stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs) into cell-free massive multiple input multiple output (CF-mMIMO) system to enhance the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) performance.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-19 Thien Duc Hua , Mohammadali Mohammadi , Hien Quoc Ngo , Michail Matthaiou

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) or intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been an attractive technology for future wireless communication and sensing systems. However, in the practical RIS, the mutual coupling effect among RIS…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-26 Zhimin Chen , Peng Chen , Le Zheng , Yudong Zhang

This paper investigates a downlink multiuser multiple-input single-output system that integrates rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) with a stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) to enable wave-domain beamforming. Unlike conventional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-17 Abdullah Quran , Shimaa Naser , Maryam Tariq , Omar Alhussein , Sami Muhaidat

Introduced with the advent of statistical wireless channel models for high mobility communications and having a profound role in communication-centric (CC) integrated sensing and communications (ISAC), the doubly-dispersive (DD) channel…

In this paper, we show that a multi-mode antenna (MMA) is an interesting alternative to a conventional phased antenna array for direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation. By MMA we mean a single physical radiator with multiple ports, which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-14 Robert Pöhlmann , Sami Alkubti Almasri , Siwei Zhang , Thomas Jost , Armin Dammann , Peter A. Hoeher

This paper investigates a Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces (SIM)-assisted Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) system. An extended target model is considered, where the BS aims to estimate the complete target response matrix…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Ziqing Wang , Hongzheng Liu , Jianan Zhang , Rujing Xiong , Kai Wan , Xuewen Qian , Marco Di Renzo , Robert Caiming Qiu

Stacked Intelligent Metasurfaces (SIM) have emerged as a revolutionary architecture for next-generation wireless communications, offering wave-domain signal processing capabilities with significantly reduced hardware complexity compared to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yuhui Jiao , Qian Zhang , Xuejun Cheng , Yunxiao Li , Yufei Zhao , Ju Liu , Yong Liang Guan

High-precision direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, as a key sensing capability for 6G-enabled applications such as autonomous driving and extended reality, is increasingly dependent on the effective exploitation of spatial degrees of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Ye Tian , Jiaji Ren , Tuo Wu , Wei Liu , Maged Elkashlan , Matthew C. Valenti , Naofal Al-Dhahir , Hing Cheung So

Near-field electromagnetic focusing is central to 6G communication, sensing, and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. However, for a fixed aperture, the resolution-constrained usable range of conventional single-layer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yajun Zhao