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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks by understanding input information and predicting corresponding outputs. However, the internal mechanisms by which LLMs comprehend input and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Zhou Yang , Zhengyu Qi , Zhaochun Ren , Zhikai Jia , Haizhou Sun , Xiaofei Zhu , Xiangwen Liao

Free-text crash narratives recorded in real-world crash databases have been shown to play a significant role in improving traffic safety. However, large-scale analyses remain difficult to implement as there are no documented tools that can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Xixi Wang , Jordanka Kovaceva , Miguel Costa , Shuai Wang , Francisco Camara Pereira , Robert Thomson

Reranking is fundamental to information retrieval and retrieval-augmented generation, with recent Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly advancing reranking quality. Most current works rely on large-scale LLMs (>7B parameters),…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Xianming Li , Aamir Shakir , Rui Huang , Tsz-fung Andrew Lee , Julius Lipp , Benjamin Clavié , Jing Li

Representation learning has been a critical topic in machine learning. In Click-through Rate Prediction, most features are represented as embedding vectors and learned simultaneously with other parameters in the model. With the development…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Fuyuan Lyu , Xing Tang , Dugang Liu , Haolun Wu , Chen Ma , Xiuqiang He , Xue Liu

Prompt learning is an effective paradigm that bridges gaps between the pre-training tasks and the corresponding downstream applications. Approaches based on this paradigm have achieved great transcendent results in various applications.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Zhigang Kan , Linhui Feng , Zhangyue Yin , Linbo Qiao , Xipeng Qiu , Dongsheng Li

Previous works on emotion recognition in conversation (ERC) follow a two-step paradigm, which can be summarized as first producing context-independent features via fine-tuning pretrained language models (PLMs) and then analyzing contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Xiangyu Qin , Zhiyu Wu , Jinshi Cui , Tingting Zhang , Yanran Li , Jian Luan , Bin Wang , Li Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) play a crucial role in capturing structured semantics to enhance language understanding, improve interpretability, and reduce bias. Nevertheless, an ongoing controversy exists over the extent to which LLMs can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Ning Cheng , Zhaohui Yan , Ziming Wang , Zhijie Li , Jiaming Yu , Zilong Zheng , Kewei Tu , Jinan Xu , Wenjuan Han

Modeling long-term user interests with massive historical user behaviors enhances click-through rate (CTR) prediction performance in advertising and recommendation systems. Typically, a two-stage framework is widely adopted, where a general…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jiangli Shao , Kaifu Zheng , Hao Fang , Huimu Ye , Zhiwei Liu , Bo Zhang , Shu Han , Xingxing Wang

Common click-through rate (CTR) prediction recommender models tend to exhibit feature-level bias, which leads to unfair recommendations among item groups and inaccurate recommendations for users. While existing methods address this issue by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Jinqiu Jin , Sihao Ding , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled their successful application to a broad range of tasks. However, in information-intensive tasks, the prompt length can grow fast, leading to increased computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Weronika Łajewska , Momchil Hardalov , Laura Aina , Neha Anna John , Hang Su , Lluís Màrquez

We present Pre-trained Machine Reader (PMR), a novel method for retrofitting pre-trained masked language models (MLMs) to pre-trained machine reading comprehension (MRC) models without acquiring labeled data. PMR can resolve the discrepancy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Weiwen Xu , Xin Li , Wenxuan Zhang , Meng Zhou , Wai Lam , Luo Si , Lidong Bing

The click-through rate (CTR) reflects the ratio of clicks on a specific item to its total number of views. It has significant impact on websites' advertising revenue. Learning sophisticated models to understand and predict user behavior is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Amit Livne , Roy Dor , Eyal Mazuz , Tamar Didi , Bracha Shapira , Lior Rokach

Conversational recommender systems (CRS) aim to proactively elicit user preference and recommend high-quality items through natural language conversations. Typically, a CRS consists of a recommendation module to predict preferred items for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Xiaolei Wang , Kun Zhou , Ji-Rong Wen , Wayne Xin Zhao

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is a crucial component in the online advertising industry. In order to produce a personalized CTR prediction, an industry-level CTR prediction model commonly takes a high-dimensional (e.g., 100 or 1000…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Weijie Zhao , Xuewu Jiao , Mingqing Hu , Xiaoyun Li , Xiangyu Zhang , Ping Li

Predicting the click-through rate of an advertisement is a critical component of online advertising platforms. In sponsored search, the click-through rate estimates the probability that a displayed advertisement is clicked by a user after…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-10 Bora Edizel , Amin Mantrach , Xiao Bai

This paper introduces Chain of Translation Prompting (CoTR), a novel strategy designed to enhance the performance of language models in low-resource languages. CoTR restructures prompts to first translate the input context from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Tejas Deshpande , Nidhi Kowtal , Raviraj Joshi

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction is one of the most important and challenging in calculating advertisements and recommendation systems. To build a machine learning system with these data, it is important to properly model the interaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Dafang Zou , Leiming Zhang , Jiafa Mao , Weiguo Sheng

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for aligning large language models (LLMs) knowledge with sequential decision-making tasks. However, few studies have thoroughly investigated the impact on LLM agents capabilities of…

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) typically involves updating at least a few billions of parameters. A more parameter-efficient approach is Prompt Tuning (PT), which updates only a few learnable tokens, and differently, In-Context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Tsachi Blau , Moshe Kimhi , Yonatan Belinkov , Alexander Bronstein , Chaim Baskin

Language Models (LMs) have proven to be useful in various downstream applications, such as summarisation, translation, question answering and text classification. LMs are becoming increasingly important tools in Artificial Intelligence,…

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