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This paper investigates two involutions on binary trees. One is the mirror symmetry of binary trees which combined with the classical bijection $\varphi$ between binary trees and plane trees answers an open problem posed by Bai and Chen.…
There is a notion of non-commutative Lie algebra called "Leibniz algebra", which is characterized by the condition: left bracketing is a derivation. The purpose of this article is to introduce and study a new notion of algebra, called…
In \cite{Oh22}, the second author defined a complex of groups decomposition of the fundamental group of a finitely generated 2-dimensional special group, called an \emph{intersection complex}, which is a quasi-isometry invariant. In this…
We show that finite dimensional half-quantum groups at roots of unity corresponding to simple Lie algebras having symmetric Cartan matrix are of wild representation type, except for sl_2. Moreover, the underlying associative algebra is…
This note is dedicated to presenting a polynomial analogue of $(n+1)!C_n=2^n(2n-1)!!$ (with $C_n$ as the $n$-th Catalan number) in the context of labeled plane trees and increasing plane trees, based on the definition of improper edges in…
Null models of binary phylogenetic trees are useful for testing hypotheses on real world phylogenies. In this paper we consider phylogenies as binary trees without edge lengths together with a sampling measure and encode them as algebraic…
A decision tree looks like a simple directed acyclic computational graph, where only the leaf nodes specify the output values and the non-terminals specify their tests or split conditions. From the numerical perspective, we express decision…
We study the natural map eta between a group of binary planar trees whose leaves are labeled by elements of a free abelian group H and a certain group D(H) derived from the free Lie algebra over H. Both of these groups arise in several…
When considering the number of subtrees of trees, the extremal structures which maximize this number among binary trees and trees with a given maximum degree lead to some interesting facts that correlate to other graphical indices in…
Quadratic Poisson brackets on associative algebras are studied. Such a bracket compatible with the multiplication is related to a differentiation in tensor square of the underlying algebra. Jacobi identity means that this differentiation…
We present an expository overview of the monoidal structures in the category of linearly compact vector spaces. Bimonoids in this category are the natural duals of infinite-dimensional bialgebras. We classify the relations on words whose…
The quantum lens spaces form a natural and well-studied class of noncommutative spaces which can be subjected to classification using algebraic invariants by drawing on the fully developed classification theory of unital graph…
Properties of metrics and pairs consisting of left and right connections are studied on the bimodules of differential 1-forms. Those bimodules are obtained from the derivation based calculus of an algebra of matrix valued functions, and an…
Coloured probability tree models are statistical models coding conditional independence between events depicted in a tree graph. They are more general than the very important class of context-specific Bayesian networks. In this paper, we…
Full binary trees naturally represent commutative non-associative products. There are many important examples of these products: finite-precision floating-point addition and NAND gates, among others. Balance in such a tree is highly…
For a finite dimensional semisimple Lie algebra ${\frak{g}}$ and a root $q$ of unity in a field $k,$ we associate to these data a double quiver $\bar{\cal{Q}}.$ It is shown that a restricted version of the quantized enveloping algebras…
We investigate classifications of quasitrivial semigroups defined by certain equivalence relations. The subclass of quasitrivial semigroups that preserve a given total ordering is also investigated. In the special case of finite semigroups,…
In this paper we study the categories of braided categorical associative algebras and braided crossed modules of associative algebras and we relate these structures with the categories of braided categorical Lie algebras and braided crossed…
Among subgraphs with a fixed number of vertices of the regular square lattice, we prove inequalities that essentially say that those with smaller boundaries have larger numbers of spanning trees and vice-versa. As an application, we relate…
We present classes of nonassociative algebras whose associator satisfies invariance conditions given by the action of the 3 order symmetric group. Amongst these algebras we find the wellknown Pre Lie or Vinberg algebras and the Lie…