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Adam is one of the most influential adaptive stochastic algorithms for training deep neural networks, which has been pointed out to be divergent even in the simple convex setting via a few simple counterexamples. Many attempts, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Congliang Chen , Li Shen , Fangyu Zou , Wei Liu

This paper proposes a conjugate-gradient-based Adam algorithm blending Adam with nonlinear conjugate gradient methods and shows its convergence analysis. Numerical experiments on text classification and image classification show that the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-04 Yu Kobayashi , Hideaki Iiduka

Since the 21st century, artificial intelligence has been leading a new round of industrial revolution. Under the training framework, the optimization algorithm aims to stably converge high-dimensional optimization to local and even global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Meng Zhu , Quan Xiao , Weidong Min

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the main approach for training deep networks: it moves towards the optimum of the cost function by iteratively updating the parameters of a model in the direction of the gradient of the loss evaluated on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Loris Nanni , Gianluca Maguolo , Alessandra Lumini

How does the choice of optimization algorithm shape a model's ability to learn features? To address this question for steepest descent methods --including sign descent, which is closely related to Adam --we introduce steepest mirror flows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tom Jacobs , Chao Zhou , Rebekka Burkholz

We propose Adam-SHANG, a Lyapunov-guided Adam-type method that couples momentum, adaptive preconditioning, and a curvature-aware correction through a more stable lagged-preconditioner update. For stochastic smooth convex optimization, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Yaxin Yu , Long Chen , Minfu Feng

Weight decay (WD) is a traditional regularization technique in deep learning, but despite its ubiquity, its behavior is still an area of active research. Golatkar et al. have recently shown that WD only matters at the start of the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Johan Bjorck , Kilian Weinberger , Carla Gomes

Adaptive gradient methods, which adopt historical gradient information to automatically adjust the learning rate, despite the nice property of fast convergence, have been observed to generalize worse than stochastic gradient descent (SGD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Jinghui Chen , Dongruo Zhou , Yiqi Tang , Ziyan Yang , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu

In this paper, we introduce weight prediction into the AdamW optimizer to boost its convergence when training the deep neural network (DNN) models. In particular, ahead of each mini-batch training, we predict the future weights according to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Lei Guan

We present Amos, a stochastic gradient-based optimizer designed for training deep neural networks. It can be viewed as an Adam optimizer with theoretically supported, adaptive learning-rate decay and weight decay. A key insight behind Amos…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Ran Tian , Ankur P. Parikh

Modern optimizers such as AdamW, equipped with momentum and adaptive learning rate, are designed to escape local minima and explore the vast parameter space. This exploration is beneficial for finding good loss basins when training from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Junjiao Tian , Chengyue Huang , Zsolt Kira

Optimization algorithms with momentum, e.g., (ADAM), have been widely used for building deep learning models due to the faster convergence rates compared with stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Momentum helps accelerate SGD in the relevant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Jiyang Bai , Yuxiang Ren , Jiawei Zhang

Within the context of intelligent manufacturing, industrial robots have a pivotal function. Nonetheless, extended operational periods cause a decline in their absolute positioning accuracy, preventing them from meeting high precision. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Tinghui Chen , Shuai Li

AdamW has become one of the most effective optimizers for training large-scale models. We have also observed its effectiveness in the context of federated learning (FL). However, directly applying AdamW in federated learning settings poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junkang Liu , Fanhua Shang , Hongying Liu , Yuxuan Tian , Yuanyuan Liu , Jin Liu , Kewen Zhu , Zhouchen Lin

Decoupled weight decay, solely responsible for the performance advantage of AdamW over Adam, has long been set to proportional to learning rate $\gamma$ without questioning. Some researchers have recently challenged such assumption and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jason Chuan-Chih Chou

Adam has been widely adopted for training deep neural networks due to less hyperparameter tuning and remarkable performance. To improve generalization, Adam is typically used in tandem with a squared $\ell_2$ regularizer (referred to as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Zhenxun Zhuang , Mingrui Liu , Ashok Cutkosky , Francesco Orabona

Through theoretical and experimental validation, unlike all existing adaptive methods like Adam which penalize frequently-changing parameters and are only applicable to sparse gradients, we propose the simplest SGD enhanced method,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Gongyue Zhang , Dinghuang Zhang , Shuwen Zhao , Donghan Liu , Carrie M. Toptan , Honghai Liu

Much of the existing theory on first-order non-smooth optimization is built on a restrictive assumption that the gradients of the objective function are uniformly bounded. We introduce a much more realistic class of generalized Lipschitz…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Dmitry Kovalev

We note that decoupled weight decay regularization is a particular case of weight norm control where the target norm of weights is set to 0. Any optimization method (e.g., Adam) which uses decoupled weight decay regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Ilya Loshchilov

Adaptive gradient methods have shown excellent performances for solving many machine learning problems. Although multiple adaptive gradient methods were recently studied, they mainly focus on either empirical or theoretical aspects and also…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-13 Feihu Huang , Junyi Li , Heng Huang