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Multi-agent traffic simulation is central to developing and testing autonomous driving systems. Recent data-driven simulators have achieved promising results, but rely heavily on supervised learning from labeled trajectories or semantic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Mozhgan Pourkeshavatz , Tianran Liu , Nicholas Rhinehart

This paper presents a systematic benchmarking of the model-based microscopic traffic simulator SUMO against state-of-the-art data-driven traffic simulators using large-scale real-world datasets. Using the Waymo Open Motion Dataset (WOMD)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Erdao Liang

Achieving fully autonomous driving systems requires learning rational decisions in a wide span of scenarios, including safety-critical and out-of-distribution ones. However, such cases are underrepresented in real-world corpus collected by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Haochen Tian , Tianyu Li , Haochen Liu , Jiazhi Yang , Yihang Qiu , Guang Li , Junli Wang , Yinfeng Gao , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Hangjun Ye , Tieniu Tan , Long Chen , Hongyang Li

Interactive multi-agent simulation algorithms are used to compute the trajectories and behaviors of different entities in virtual reality scenarios. However, current methods involve considerable parameter tweaking to generate plausible…

Graphics · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Jiaping Ren , Wei Xiang , Yangxi Xiao , Ruigang Yang , Dinesh Manocha , Xiaogang Jin

Realistic simulators are critical for training and verifying robotics systems. While most of the contemporary simulators are hand-crafted, a scaleable way to build simulators is to use machine learning to learn how the environment behaves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Seung Wook Kim , Jonah Philion , Antonio Torralba , Sanja Fidler

Driving simulation plays a crucial role in developing reliable driving agents by providing controlled, evaluative environments. To enable meaningful assessments, a high-quality driving simulator must satisfy several key requirements:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Junzhe Jiang , Nan Song , Jingyu Li , Xiatian Zhu , Li Zhang

Autonomous driving systems have achieved significant advances, and full autonomy within defined operational design domains near practical deployment. Expanding these domains requires addressing safety assurance under diverse conditions.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Shunsuke Ito , Chaoran Zhao , Ryo Okamura , Takuya Azumi

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) perception systems require more than simply seeing, via e.g., object detection or scene segmentation. They need a holistic understanding of what is happening within the scene for safe interaction with other road…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Salman Khan , Izzeddin Teeti , Reza Javanmard Alitappeh , Mihaela C. Stoian , Eleonora Giunchiglia , Gurkirt Singh , Andrew Bradley , Fabio Cuzzolin

This paper introduces UniGen, a novel approach to generating new traffic scenarios for evaluating and improving autonomous driving software through simulation. Our approach models all driving scenario elements in a unified model: the…

Autonomous driving in an unregulated urban crowd is an outstanding challenge, especially, in the presence of many aggressive, high-speed traffic participants. This paper presents SUMMIT, a high-fidelity simulator that facilitates the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Yuanfu Luo , Panpan Cai , Yiyuan Lee , David Hsu

Developing and testing algorithms for autonomous vehicles in real world is an expensive and time consuming process. Also, in order to utilize recent advances in machine intelligence and deep learning we need to collect a large amount of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-07-19 Shital Shah , Debadeepta Dey , Chris Lovett , Ashish Kapoor

Scenario-based testing using simulations is a cornerstone of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) software validation. So far, developers needed to choose between low-fidelity 2D simulators to explore the scenario space efficiently, and high-fidelity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Marc Kaufeld , Korbinian Moller , Alessio Gambi , Paolo Arcaini , Johannes Betz

Simulation has the potential to massively scale evaluation of self-driving systems enabling rapid development as well as safe deployment. To close the gap between simulation and the real world, we need to simulate realistic multi-agent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Simon Suo , Sebastian Regalado , Sergio Casas , Raquel Urtasun

Simulation has the potential to transform the development of robust algorithms for mobile agents deployed in safety-critical scenarios. However, the poor photorealism and lack of diverse sensor modalities of existing simulation engines…

Scalable and realistic simulation of multi-agent traffic behavior is critical for advancing autonomous driving technologies. Although existing data-driven simulators have made significant strides in this domain, they predominantly rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Muleilan Pei , Shaoshuai Shi , Shaojie Shen

Simulation environments are good for learning different driving tasks like lane changing, parking or handling intersections etc. in an abstract manner. However, these simulation environments often restrict themselves to operate under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Ashish Rana , Avleen Malhi

World models have become increasingly popular in acting as learned traffic simulators. Recent work has explored replacing traditional traffic simulators with world models for policy training. In this work, we explore the robustness of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hunter Schofield , Mohammed Elmahgiubi , Kasra Rezaee , Jinjun Shan

Simulating diverse and realistic traffic scenarios is critical for developing and testing autonomous planning. Traditional rule-based planners lack diversity and realism, while learning-based simulators often replay, forecast, or edit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Da Saem Lee , Akash Karthikeyan , Yash Vardhan Pant , Sebastian Fischmeister

Game-based interactive driving simulations have emerged as versatile platforms for advancing decision-making algorithms in road transport mobility. While these environments offer safe, scalable, and engaging settings for testing driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhihao Lin , Zhen Tian

Safety-critical traffic scenarios are integral to the development and validation of autonomous driving systems. These scenarios provide crucial insights into vehicle responses under high-risk conditions rarely encountered in real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jinxiong Lu , Shoaib Azam , Gokhan Alcan , Ville Kyrki