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Embodied decision-making enables agents to translate high-level goals into executable actions through continuous interactions within the physical world, forming a cornerstone of general-purpose embodied intelligence. Large language models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Zixing Lei , Sheng Yin , Yichen Xiong , Yuanzhuo Ding , Wenhao Huang , Yuxi Wei , Qingyao Xu , Yiming Li , Weixin Li , Yunhong Wang , Siheng Chen

Language models (LMs) have demonstrated their capability in possessing commonsense knowledge of the physical world, a crucial aspect of performing tasks in everyday life. However, it remains unclear **whether LMs have the capacity to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Bill Yuchen Lin , Chengsong Huang , Qian Liu , Wenda Gu , Sam Sommerer , Xiang Ren

Recent advances in the areas of multimodal machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the development of challenging tasks at the intersection of Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing, and Embodied AI. Whereas many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Jonathan Francis , Nariaki Kitamura , Felix Labelle , Xiaopeng Lu , Ingrid Navarro , Jean Oh

Embodied AI is a crucial frontier in robotics, capable of planning and executing action sequences for robots to accomplish long-horizon tasks in physical environments. In this work, we introduce EmbodiedGPT, an end-to-end multi-modal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Yao Mu , Qinglong Zhang , Mengkang Hu , Wenhai Wang , Mingyu Ding , Jun Jin , Bin Wang , Jifeng Dai , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), with their strong reasoning and planning capabilities, are widely used in embodied decision-making (EDM) tasks in embodied agents, such as autonomous driving and robotic manipulation. Recent research has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yichen Wang , Hangtao Zhang , Hewen Pan , Ziqi Zhou , Xianlong Wang , Peijin Guo , Lulu Xue , Shengshan Hu , Minghui Li , Leo Yu Zhang

While large language models (LMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across numerous tasks, they often struggle with simple reasoning and planning in physical environments, such as understanding object permanence or planning household…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jiannan Xiang , Tianhua Tao , Yi Gu , Tianmin Shu , Zirui Wang , Zichao Yang , Zhiting Hu

Embodied long-horizon manipulation requires robotic systems to process multimodal inputs-such as vision and natural language-and translate them into executable actions. However, existing learning-based approaches often depend on large,…

Developing autonomous home robots controlled by natural language has long been a pursuit of humanity. While advancements in large language models (LLMs) and embodied intelligence make this goal closer, several challenges persist: the lack…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Dongping Li , Tielong Cai , Tianci Tang , Wenhao Chai , Katherine Rose Driggs-Campbell , Gaoang Wang

Active vision, also known as active perception, refers to the process of actively selecting where and how to look in order to gather task-relevant information. It is a critical component of efficient perception and decision-making in humans…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Muzhi Zhu , Hao Zhong , Canyu Zhao , Zongze Du , Zheng Huang , Mingyu Liu , Hao Chen , Cheng Zou , Jingdong Chen , Ming Yang , Chunhua Shen

Enabling embodied agents to complete complex human instructions from natural language is crucial to autonomous systems in household services. Conventional methods can only accomplish human instructions in the known environment where all…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zhenyu Wu , Ziwei Wang , Xiuwei Xu , Hang Yin , Yinan Liang , Angyuan Ma , Jiwen Lu , Haibin Yan

Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models rely on 2D inputs, lacking integration with the broader realm of the 3D physical world. Furthermore, they perform action prediction by learning a direct mapping from perception to action,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Haoyu Zhen , Xiaowen Qiu , Peihao Chen , Jincheng Yang , Xin Yan , Yilun Du , Yining Hong , Chuang Gan

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) requires an embodied agent to ground complex natural-language instructions into long-horizon navigation in unseen environments. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer strong 2D semantic understanding,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zihao Xin , Wentong Li , Yixuan Jiang , Ziyuan Huang , Bin Wang , Piji Li , Jianke Zhu , Jie Qin , Shengjun Huang

VR simulation in Health Professions (HP) education demonstrates huge potential, but fixed learning content with little customization limits its application beyond lab environments. To address these limitations in the context of VR for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xiuqi Tommy Zhu , Heidi Cheerman , Minxin Cheng , Sheri Kiami , Leanne Chukoskie , Eileen McGivney

Automating optimization modeling with LLMs is a promising path toward scalable decision intelligence, but existing approaches either rely on agentic pipelines built on closed-source LLMs with high inference latency, or fine-tune smaller…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Runda Guan , Xiangqing Shen , Jiajun Zhang , Yifan Zhang , Jian Cheng , Rui Xia

Large and small language models have been widely used for robotic task planning. At the same time, vision-language models (VLMs) have successfully tackled problems such as image captioning, scene understanding, and visual question…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Cristiano Battistini , Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

Long-horizon embodied planning underpins embodied AI. To accomplish long-horizon tasks, one of the most feasible ways is to decompose abstract instructions into a sequence of actionable steps. Foundation models still face logical errors and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Siyuan Liu , Jiawei Du , Sicheng Xiang , Zibo Wang , Dingsheng Luo

The integration of large language models (LLMs) with embodied agents has improved high-level reasoning capabilities; however, a critical gap remains between semantic understanding and physical execution. While vision-language-action (VLA)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Rongfeng Zhao , Xuanhao Zhang , Zhaochen Guo , Xiang Shao , Zhongpan Zhu , Bin He , Jie Chen

Standard Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) with reasoning capabilities, yet its reliance on linear natural language is inherently insufficient for effective world modeling in embodied tasks. While text…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hongyu Chen , Liang Lin , Guangrun Wang

Accurate visual understanding is imperative for advancing autonomous systems and intelligent robots. Despite the powerful capabilities of vision-language models (VLMs) in processing complex visual scenes, precisely recognizing obscured or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Huaxiang Zhang , Yaojia Mu , Guo-Niu Zhu , Zhongxue Gan

LLM/VLM-based digital agents have advanced rapidly thanks to scalable sandboxes for coding, web navigation, and computer use, which provide rich interactive training grounds. In contrast, embodied agents still lack abundant, diverse, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Haoqiang Kang , Xiaokang Ye , Yuhan Liu , Siddhant Hitesh Mantri , Lingjun Mao , James Fleming , Drishti Regmi , Lianhui Qin