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Text-to-Image (T2I) diffusion models enable high quality open ended synthesis, but practical use requires suppressing unsafe generations while preserving behavior on benign prompts. We study this tension relative to the frozen generator,…

Over the last few years increasing consideration has been given to the study of Laser Guide Stars (LGS) for the measurement of the disturbance introduced by the atmosphere in optical and near-infrared astronomical observations from the…

Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) can reduce human suffering by predicting disastrous precipitation in time. A commonly-used NWP in the world is the European Centre for medium-range weather forecasts (EC). However, it is necessary to…

Spectra of astronomical targets acquired from ground-based instruments are affected by the atmospheric transmission. The authors and their institutes are developing a web-based service, TAPAS (Transmissions of the AtmosPhere for…

Laboratory made granular-granular impact craters have been used as model analogues of planetary impact craters. These kind of craters have been observed and studied using profilometry techniques that allow to retrieve important morphologic…

Compton cameras are radiation detectors that provide spatial information on the origin of the {\gamma}-ray sources based on the Compton scattering effect. Many applications require these detectors to be used at high counting rate. As such,…

We use telemetry data from the Gemini North ALTAIR adaptive optics system to investigate how well the commands for wavefront correction (both Tip/Tilt and high-order turbulence) can be forecasted in order to reduce lag error (due to…

Diffusion models have marked a significant breakthrough in the synthesis of semantically coherent images. However, their extensive noise estimation networks and the iterative generation process limit their wider application, particularly on…

The spectral resolution of a dispersive astronomical spectrograph is limited by the trade-off between throughput and the width of the entrance slit. Photonic guided-wave transitions have been proposed as a route to bypass this trade-off, by…

The combination of ground-based astrometric compilation catalogues, such as the FK5 or the GC, with the results of the ESA Astrometric Satellite HIPPARCOS produces for many thousands of stars proper motions which are significantly more…

For high spatial resolution (HSR) remote sensing images, bitemporal supervised learning always dominates change detection using many pairwise labeled bitemporal images. However, it is very expensive and time-consuming to pairwise label…

Many adaptive optics systems operate by measuring the distortion of the wavefront in one wavelength range and performing the scientific observations in a second, different wavelength range. One common technique is to measure wavefront…

This paper studies Graphical SLOPE for precision matrix estimation, with emphasis on its ability to recover both sparsity and clusters of edges with equal or similar strength. In a fixed-dimensional regime, we establish that the root-$n$…

Sub-wavelength diffractive optics meta-optics present a multi-scale optical system, where the behavior of constituent sub-wavelength scatterers, or meta-atoms, need to be modelled by full-wave electromagnetic simulations, whereas the whole…

One important frontier for astronomical adaptive optics (AO) involves methods such as Multi-Object AO and Multi-Conjugate AO that have the potential to give a significantly larger field of view than conventional AO techniques. A second key…

Diffusion models are a new class of generative models, and have dramatically promoted image generation with unprecedented quality and diversity. Existing diffusion models mainly try to reconstruct input image from a corrupted one with a…

The calculation of accurate photoelectron spectra (PES) for strong-field laser-atom experiments is a demanding computational task, even in single-active-electron approximation. The QPROP code, published in 2006, has been extended in 2016 in…

Astrometric precision and knowledge of the point spread function are key ingredients for a wide range of astrophysical studies including time-delay cosmography in which strongly lensed quasar systems are used to determine the Hubble…

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based transient imaging suffers from an aberration called pile-up. When multiple photons arrive within a single repetition period of the illuminating laser, the SPAD records only the arrival of the first…

This contribution introduces the GTOPX space mission benchmark collection, which is an extension of GTOP database published by the European Space Agency (ESA). GTOPX consists of ten individual benchmark instances representing real-world…