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Data annotation is an important and necessary task for all NLP applications. Designing and implementing a web-based application that enables many annotators to annotate and enter their input into one central database is not a trivial task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Fahad AlGhamdi , Mona Diab

Many natural language processing (NLP) tasks rely on labeled data to train machine learning models with high performance. However, data annotation is time-consuming and expensive, especially when the task involves a large amount of data or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Xingwei He , Zhenghao Lin , Yeyun Gong , A-Long Jin , Hang Zhang , Chen Lin , Jian Jiao , Siu Ming Yiu , Nan Duan , Weizhu Chen

NLTK, the Natural Language Toolkit, is a suite of open source program modules, tutorials and problem sets, providing ready-to-use computational linguistics courseware. NLTK covers symbolic and statistical natural language processing, and is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Edward Loper , Steven Bird

Mining parallel document pairs for document-level machine translation (MT) remains challenging due to the limitations of existing Cross-Lingual Document Alignment (CLDA) techniques. Existing methods often rely on metadata such as URLs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Sanjay Suryanarayanan , Haiyue Song , Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Raj Dabre

The construction of high-quality parallel corpora for translation research has increasingly evolved from simple sentence alignment to complex, multi-layered annotation tasks. This methodological shift presents significant challenges for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Baorong Huang , Ali Asiri

Despite growing interest in using large language models (LLMs) to automate annotation, their effectiveness in complex, nuanced, and multi-dimensional labelling tasks remains relatively underexplored. This study focuses on annotation for the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Leila Tavakoli , Hamed Zamani

First derived from human intuition, later adapted to machine translation for automatic token alignment, attention mechanism, a simple method that can be used for encoding sequence data based on the importance score each element is assigned,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Dichao Hu

Natural Language Processing offers new insights into language data across almost all disciplines and domains, and allows us to corroborate and/or challenge existing knowledge. The primary hurdles to widening participation in and use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Rebekah Baglini , Arthur Hjorth

A standard way to address different NLP problems is by first constructing a problem-specific dataset, then building a model to fit this dataset. To build the ultimate artificial intelligence, we desire a single machine that can handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Wenpeng Yin , Nazneen Fatema Rajani , Dragomir Radev , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

Transfer learning, particularly approaches that combine multi-task learning with pre-trained contextualized embeddings and fine-tuning, have advanced the field of Natural Language Processing tremendously in recent years. In this paper we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Rob van der Goot , Ahmet Üstün , Alan Ramponi , Ibrahim Sharaf , Barbara Plank

The field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) is growing rapidly, with new research published daily along with an abundance of tutorials, codebases and other online resources. In order to learn this dynamic field or stay up-to-date on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Alexander R. Fabbri , Irene Li , Prawat Trairatvorakul , Yijiao He , Wei Tai Ting , Robert Tung , Caitlin Westerfield , Dragomir R. Radev

The HuggingFace Datasets Hub hosts thousands of datasets, offering exciting opportunities for language model training and evaluation. However, datasets for a specific task type often have different schemas, making harmonization challenging.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Damien Sileo

Various machine learning approaches have gained significant popularity for the automated classification of educational text to identify indicators of learning engagement -- i.e. learning engagement classification (LEC). LEC can offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shiqi Liu , Sannyuya Liu , Lele Sha , Zijie Zeng , Dragan Gasevic , Zhi Liu

Human annotation cost and time remain significant bottlenecks in Natural Language Processing (NLP), with test data annotation being particularly expensive due to the stringent requirement for low-error and high-quality labels necessary for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Antonio Purificato , Maria Sofia Bucarelli , Andrea Bacciu , Amin Mantrach , Fabrizio Silvestri

Applying methods in natural language processing on electronic health records (EHR) data is a growing field. Existing corpus and annotation focus on modeling textual features and relation prediction. However, there is a paucity of annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Yanjun Gao , Dmitriy Dligach , Timothy Miller , Samuel Tesch , Ryan Laffin , Matthew M. Churpek , Majid Afshar

Objective: to provide a scoping review of papers on clinical natural language processing (NLP) tasks that use publicly available electronic health record data from a cohort of patients. Materials and Methods: We searched six databases,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining popularity and improving rapidly. Tokenizers are crucial components of natural language processing, especially for LLMs. Tokenizers break down input text into tokens that models can easily process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Tandin Wangchuk , Tad Gonsalves

Manual annotation of textual documents is a necessary task when constructing benchmark corpora for training and evaluating machine learning algorithms. We created a comprehensive directory of annotation tools that currently includes 93…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Mariana Neves , Jurica Seva

We introduce AnnoABSA, the first web-based annotation tool to support the full spectrum of Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) tasks. The tool is highly customizable, enabling flexible configuration of sentiment elements and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Nils Constantin Hellwig , Jakob Fehle , Udo Kruschwitz , Christian Wolff

Language documentation is inherently a time-intensive process; transcription, glossing, and corpus management consume a significant portion of documentary linguists' work. Advances in natural language processing can help to accelerate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Graham Neubig , Patrick Littell , Chian-Yu Chen , Jean Lee , Zirui Li , Yu-Hsiang Lin , Yuyan Zhang