English
Related papers

Related papers: Found in the Middle: Permutation Self-Consistency …

200 papers

Large audio-language models (LALMs) are often used in tasks that involve reasoning over ordered options. An open question is whether their predictions are influenced by the order of answer choices, which would indicate a form of position…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yu-Xiang Lin , Chen-An Li , Sheng-Lun Wei , Po-Chun Chen , Hsin-Hsi Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for recommendation reranking, but their listwise predictions can depend on the order in which candidates are presented. This creates a mismatch between the set-based nature of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ethan Bito , Yongli Ren , Estrid He

Ranking documents using Large Language Models (LLMs) by directly feeding the query and candidate documents into the prompt is an interesting and practical problem. However, researchers have found it difficult to outperform fine-tuned…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Zhen Qin , Rolf Jagerman , Kai Hui , Honglei Zhuang , Junru Wu , Le Yan , Jiaming Shen , Tianqi Liu , Jialu Liu , Donald Metzler , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky

While large language models (LLMs) have rapidly improved their performance on a broad number of tasks, they still often fall short on reasoning tasks. As LLMs become more integrated in diverse real-world tasks, advancing their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Tim Knappe , Ryan Li , Ayush Chauhan , Kaylee Chhua , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven progress in reasoning tasks -- from program synthesis to scientific hypothesis generation -- yet their ability to handle ranked preferences and structured algorithms in combinatorial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hadi Hosseini , Samarth Khanna , Ronak Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of information retrieval, particularly for reranking. Listwise LLM rerankers have showcased superior performance and generalizability compared to existing supervised…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Revanth Gangi Reddy , JaeHyeok Doo , Yifei Xu , Md Arafat Sultan , Deevya Swain , Avirup Sil , Heng Ji

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) utilize multimodal contexts consisting of text, images, or videos to solve various multimodal tasks. However, we find that changing the order of multimodal input can cause the model's performance to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Zhijie Tan , Xu Chu , Weiping Li , Tong Mo

Large Language Model (LLM)-based recommendation systems excel in delivering comprehensive suggestions by deeply analyzing content and user behavior. However, they often inherit biases from skewed training data, favoring mainstream content…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Anindya Bijoy Das , Shahnewaz Karim Sakib

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in information systems, including being used as second-stage rerankers in information retrieval pipelines, yet their susceptibility to recency bias has received little attention. We…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Hanpei Fang , Sijie Tao , Nuo Chen , Kai-Xin Chang , Tetsuya Sakai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities and have been extensively deployed across various domains, including recommender systems. Prior research has employed specialized \textit{prompts} to leverage the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Sichun Luo , Bowei He , Haohan Zhao , Wei Shao , Yanlin Qi , Yinya Huang , Aojun Zhou , Yuxuan Yao , Zongpeng Li , Yuanzhang Xiao , Mingjie Zhan , Linqi Song

LLM-based listwise passage reranking has attracted attention for its effectiveness in ranking candidate passages. However, these models suffer from positional bias, where passages positioned towards the end of the input are less likely to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jingfen Qiao , Jin Huang , Xinyu Ma , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Evangelos Kanoulas , Andrew Yates

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed in high-stakes applications like hiring, yet their potential for unfair decision-making remains understudied in generative and retrieval settings. In this work, we examine the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Preethi Seshadri , Hongyu Chen , Sameer Singh , Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant

Large language models (LLMs), even when specifically trained to process long input contexts, struggle to capture relevant information located in the middle of their input. This phenomenon has been known as the lost-in-the-middle problem. In…

Existing large language models (LLMs) evaluation methods typically focus on testing the performance on some closed-environment and domain-specific benchmarks with human annotations. In this paper, we explore a novel unsupervised evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Kun-Peng Ning , Shuo Yang , Yu-Yang Liu , Jia-Yu Yao , Zhen-Hui Liu , Yong-Hong Tian , Yibing Song , Li Yuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are expected to be predictable and trustworthy to support reliable decision-making systems. Yet current LLMs often show inconsistencies in their judgments. In this work, we examine logical preference consistency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yinhong Liu , Zhijiang Guo , Tianya Liang , Ehsan Shareghi , Ivan Vulić , Nigel Collier

Recent advances in reasoning with large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on complex mathematical tasks, including combinatorial optimization. Techniques such as Chain-of-Thought and In-Context Learning have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Marylou Fauchard , Florian Carichon , Margarida Carvalho , Golnoosh Farnadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) changed the way we design and interact with software systems. Their ability to process and extract information from text has drastically improved productivity in a number of routine tasks. Developers that want…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Federico Errica , Giuseppe Siracusano , Davide Sanvito , Roberto Bifulco

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, leveraging extensive pre-training and fine-tuning to achieve high accuracy. However, like humans, LLMs exhibit biases, particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Bianca Raimondi , Maurizio Gabbrielli

Large language models (LLMs) are now widely used as judges, yet their decisions can change under presentation choices that should be irrelevant. We study one such source of instability: candidate-order sensitivity in listwise factuality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tianyi Huang , Nathan Huang , Justin Tang , Wenqian Chen , Elsa Fan

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various tasks, including personalized recommendations. Existing evaluation methods often focus on rating prediction, relying on regression errors between actual and predicted ratings. However, user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Zhaoxuan Tan , Zinan Zeng , Qingkai Zeng , Zhenyu Wu , Zheyuan Liu , Fengran Mo , Meng Jiang