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Deep Learning has enabled many advances in machine learning applications in the last few years. However, since current Deep Learning algorithms require much energy for computations, there are growing concerns about the associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Vanessa Mehlin , Sigurd Schacht , Carsten Lanquillon

This study presents an empirical investigation into the energy consumption of Discriminative and Generative AI models within real-world MLOps pipelines. For Discriminative models, we examine various architectures and hyperparameters during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Adrián Sánchez-Mompó , Ioannis Mavromatis , Peizheng Li , Konstantinos Katsaros , Aftab Khan

Today, deep learning optimization is primarily driven by research focused on achieving high inference accuracy and reducing latency. However, the energy efficiency aspect is often overlooked, possibly due to a lack of sustainability mindset…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Xiaolong Tu , Anik Mallik , Dawei Chen , Kyungtae Han , Onur Altintas , Haoxin Wang , Jiang Xie

The rapid expansion of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced unprecedented energy demands, extending beyond training to large-scale inference workloads that often dominate total lifecycle consumption. Deploying these models requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Francisco Caravaca , Ángel Cuevas , Rubén Cuevas

HTTP is frequently used by smartphones and IoT devices to access information and Web services. Nowadays, HTTP is used in three major versions, each introducing significant changes with respect to the previous one. We evaluated the energy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Chiara Caiazza , Valerio Luconi , Alessio Vecchio

Given the complexity and heterogeneity in Cloud computing scenarios, the modeling approach has widely been employed to investigate and analyze the energy consumption of Cloud applications, by abstracting real-world objects and processes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Zheng Li , Selome Tesfatsion , Saeed Bastani , Ahmed Ali-Eldin , Erik Elmroth , Maria Kihl , Rajiv Ranjan

The static estimation of the energy consumed by program executions is an important challenge, which has applications in program optimization and verification, and is instrumental in energy-aware software development. Our objective is to…

As AI-driven computing infrastructures rapidly scale, discussions around data center design often emphasize energy consumption, water and electricity usage, workload scheduling, and thermal management. However, these perspectives often…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yuzhuo Li , Yunwei Li

Deploying local large language models and vision-language models on edge devices requires balancing accuracy with constrained computational and energy budgets. Although graphics processors dominate modern artificial-intelligence deployment,…

Concerns about the environmental footprint of machine learning are increasing. While studies of energy use and emissions of ML models are a growing subfield, most ML researchers and developers still do not incorporate energy measurement as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-25 Akshaya Jagannadharao , Nicole Beckage , Sovan Biswas , Hilary Egan , Jamil Gafur , Thijs Metsch , Dawn Nafus , Giuseppe Raffa , Charles Tripp

In the field of algorithms and data structures analysis and design, most of the researchers focus only on the space/time trade-off, and little attention has been paid to energy consumption. Moreover, most of the efforts in the field of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-22 José Fuentes-Sepúlveda , Susana Ladra

It is currently not possible to quantify the resources needed to perform a computation. As a consequence, it is not possible to reliably evaluate the hardware resources needed for the application of algorithms or the running of programs.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-11-30 R. J. J. H. van Son

In particular, large-scale deep learning and artificial intelligence model training uses a lot of computational power and energy, so it poses serious sustainability issues. The fast rise in model complexity has resulted in exponential…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yashasvi Makin , Rahul Maliakkal

Reduced environmental effect, lower operating costs, and a stable and sustainable energy supply for current and future generations are the main reasons why power optimization is important. Power optimization makes ensuring that energy is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Parag Biswas , Abdur Rashid , Angona Biswas , Md Abdullah Al Nasim , Kishor Datta Gupta , Roy George

Energy consumption is a growing issue in data centers, impacting their economic viability and their public image. In this work we empirically characterize the power and energy consumed by different types of servers. In particular, in order…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-02-05 Jordi Arjona , Angelos Chatzipapas , Antonio Fernandez Anta , Vincenzo Mancuso

Microservice architectures have become the dominant paradigm for cloud-native systems, offering flexibility and scalability. However, this shift has also led to increased demand for cloud resources, contributing to higher energy consumption…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Julian Legler , Sebastian Werner , Maria C. Borges , Stefan Tai

Does the energy requirements for the human brain give energy constraints that give reason to doubt the feasibility of artificial intelligence? This report will review some relevant estimates of brain bioenergetics and analyze some of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-02-15 Anders Sandberg

The importance of low power consumption is widely acknowledged due to the increasing use of portable devices, which require minimizing the consumption of energy. The energy in a computational system depends heavily on the software being…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-04-15 Kostas Zotos , Andreas Litke , Alexander Chatzigeorgiou , Spyros Nikolaidis , George Stephanides

Artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled a new paradigm of smart applications -- changing our way of living entirely. Many of these AI-enabled applications have very stringent latency requirements, especially for applications on mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Anik Mallik , Haoxin Wang , Jiang Xie , Dawei Chen , Kyungtae Han

Given the stringent requirements of energy efficiency for Internet-of-Things edge devices, approximate multipliers, as a basic component of many processors and accelerators, have been constantly proposed and studied for decades, especially…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Ying Wu , Chuangtao Chen , Weihua Xiao , Xuan Wang , Chenyi Wen , Jie Han , Xunzhao Yin , Weikang Qian , Cheng Zhuo