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Language models often pre-train on large unsupervised text corpora, then fine-tune on additional task-specific data. However, typical fine-tuning schemes do not prioritize the examples that they tune on. We show that, if you can prioritize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Ian Osband , Seyed Mohammad Asghari , Benjamin Van Roy , Nat McAleese , John Aslanides , Geoffrey Irving

Training language models (LMs) and their application agents is increasingly costly due to large datasets and models, making test failures difficult to bear. Simplified language environments serve as primordial training and testing grounds,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Ke Yang , Volodymyr Kindratenko , ChengXiang Zhai

Pre-trained models are nowadays a fundamental component of machine learning research. In continual learning, they are commonly used to initialize the model before training on the stream of non-stationary data. However, pre-training is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Andrea Cossu , Tinne Tuytelaars , Antonio Carta , Lucia Passaro , Vincenzo Lomonaco , Davide Bacciu

Many recent works on Entity Resolution (ER) leverage Deep Learning techniques involving language models to improve effectiveness. This is applied to both main steps of ER, i.e., blocking and matching. Several pre-trained embeddings have…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Alexandros Zeakis , George Papadakis , Dimitrios Skoutas , Manolis Koubarakis

Instruction tuning has emerged as a critical paradigm for improving the capabilities and alignment of large language models (LLMs). However, existing iterative model-aware data selection methods incur significant computational overhead, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xiaotian Lin , Yanlin Qi , Yizhang Zhu , Themis Palpanas , Chengliang Chai , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Scaling model size and training data has led to great advances in the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the diminishing returns of this approach necessitate alternative methods to improve model capabilities, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Daman Arora , Andrea Zanette

Through end-to-end training to predict the next token, LLMs have become valuable tools for various tasks. Enhancing their core training in language modeling can improve numerous downstream applications. A successful approach to enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Nathan Cornille , Florian Mai , Jingyuan Sun , Marie-Francine Moens

Deep learning models tend to forget their earlier knowledge while incrementally learning new tasks. This behavior emerges because the parameter updates optimized for the new tasks may not align well with the updates suitable for older…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 K J Joseph , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Rao Muhammad Anwer , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

A salient characteristic of pre-trained language models (PTLMs) is a remarkable improvement in their generalization capability and emergence of new capabilities with increasing model capacity and pre-training dataset size. Consequently, we…

We introduce a self-supervised speech pre-training method called TERA, which stands for Transformer Encoder Representations from Alteration. Recent approaches often learn by using a single auxiliary task like contrastive prediction,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-05 Andy T. Liu , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

LoRA is a technique that reduces the number of trainable parameters in a neural network by introducing low-rank adapters to linear layers. This technique is used both for fine-tuning and full training of large language models. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Daria Cherniuk , Aleksandr Mikhalev , Ivan Oseledets

Recently, the scale of transformers has grown rapidly, which introduces considerable challenges in terms of training overhead and inference efficiency in the scope of task adaptation. Existing works, namely Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Yizhe Xiong , Hui Chen , Tianxiang Hao , Zijia Lin , Jungong Han , Yuesong Zhang , Guoxin Wang , Yongjun Bao , Guiguang Ding

Compute scaling for language model (LM) pretraining has outpaced the growth of human-written texts, leading to concerns that data will become the bottleneck to LM scaling. To continue scaling pretraining in this data-constrained regime, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yangjun Ruan , Neil Band , Chris J. Maddison , Tatsunori Hashimoto

As a simple technique to accelerate inference of large-scale pre-trained models, early exiting has gained much attention in the NLP community. It allows samples to exit early at internal classifiers without passing through the entire model.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Tianxiang Sun , Yunhua Zhou , Xiangyang Liu , Xinyu Zhang , Hao Jiang , Zhao Cao , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

In this paper, we elaborate upon recipes for building multilingual representation models that are not only competitive with existing state-of-the-art models but are also more parameter efficient, thereby promoting better adoption in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Barun Patra , Saksham Singhal , Shaohan Huang , Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Vishrav Chaudhary , Xia Song

Increasing the input length has been a driver of progress in language modeling with transformers. We identify conditions where shorter inputs are not harmful, and achieve perplexity and efficiency improvements through two new methods that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Ofir Press , Noah A. Smith , Mike Lewis

Parameter efficient finetuning methods like low-rank adaptation (LoRA) aim to reduce the computational costs of finetuning pretrained Language Models (LMs). Enabled by these low-rank settings, we propose an even more efficient optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Adir Rahamim , Naomi Saphra , Sara Kangaslahti , Yonatan Belinkov

Curriculum learning, a training technique where data is presented to the model in order of example difficulty (e.g., from simpler to more complex documents), has shown limited success for pre-training language models. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Loris Schoenegger , Lukas Thoma , Terra Blevins , Benjamin Roth

In this paper, we present SwiftLearn, a data-efficient approach to accelerate training of deep learning models using a subset of data samples selected during the warm-up stages of training. This subset is selected based on an importance…

In many prediction problems, we have extra information during training (for example, measurements that are expensive or slow to collect) that will not be available when the model is deployed. A common strategy is to first train a model that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-25 Jiahao Shi , Omar Hagrass , Jason M. Klusowski
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