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Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms are widely adopted in tackling complex tasks that require collaboration and competition among agents in dynamic Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, learning such tasks from scratch is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Ayesha Siddika Nipu , Siming Liu , Anthony Harris

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, the behaviors that agents learn in a single Markov Game (MG) are typically confined to the given agent number. Every single MG induced by varying the population may possess distinct optimal joint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Shenao Zhang , Li Shen , Lei Han , Li Shen

Existing multi-agent coordination techniques are often fragile and vulnerable to anomalies such as agent attrition and communication disturbances, which are quite common in the real-world deployment of systems like field robotics. To better…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-27 Anthony Goeckner , Yueyuan Sui , Nicolas Martinet , Xinliang Li , Qi Zhu

Developing reinforcement learning algorithms that satisfy safety constraints is becoming increasingly important in real-world applications. In multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) settings, policy optimisation with safety awareness is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Shangding Gu , Jakub Grudzien Kuba , Munning Wen , Ruiqing Chen , Ziyan Wang , Zheng Tian , Jun Wang , Alois Knoll , Yaodong Yang

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) benchmarks commonly emphasize aggregate outcomes such as return, success rate, or completion time. While essential, these metrics often fail to reveal how agents coordinate, particularly…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Maria Ana Cardei , Matthew Landers , Afsaneh Doryab

This paper considers offline multi-agent reinforcement learning. We propose the strategy-wise concentration principle which directly builds a confidence interval for the joint strategy, in contrast to the point-wise concentration principle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Qiwen Cui , Simon S. Du

We study the sample complexity of reinforcement learning (RL) in Mean-Field Games (MFGs) with model-based function approximation that requires strategic exploration to find a Nash Equilibrium policy. We introduce the Partial Model-Based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jiawei Huang , Niao He , Andreas Krause

We examine global non-asymptotic convergence properties of policy gradient methods for multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) problems in Markov potential games (MPG). To learn a Nash equilibrium of an MPG in which the size of state space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Dongsheng Ding , Chen-Yu Wei , Kaiqing Zhang , Mihailo R. Jovanović

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), despite its popularity and empirical success, suffers from the curse of dimensionality. This paper builds the mathematical framework to approximate cooperative MARL by a mean-field control (MFC)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Haotian Gu , Xin Guo , Xiaoli Wei , Renyuan Xu

Multi-agent Inverse Reinforcement Learning (MAIRL) aims to recover agent reward functions from expert demonstrations. We characterize the feasible reward set in Markov games, identifying all reward functions that rationalize a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Till Freihaut , Giorgia Ramponi

Many advances in cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) are based on two common design principles: value decomposition and parameter sharing. A typical MARL algorithm of this fashion decomposes a centralized Q-function into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Wei Fu , Chao Yu , Zelai Xu , Jiaqi Yang , Yi Wu

We consider the problem of decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning in Markov games. A fundamental question is whether there exist algorithms that, when adopted by all agents and run independently in a decentralized fashion, lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Dylan J. Foster , Noah Golowich , Sham M. Kakade

Independent on-policy policy gradient algorithms are widely used for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in cooperative and no-conflict games, but they are known to converge sub-optimally when each agent's individual policy gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Nicholas E. Corrado , Josiah P. Hanna

In this paper, we study cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) where the joint reward exhibits submodularity, which is a natural property capturing diminishing marginal returns when adding agents to a team. Unlike standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Wenjing Chen , Chengyuan Qian , Shuo Xing , Yi Zhou , Victoria Crawford

Offline Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is an emerging field that aims to learn optimal multi-agent policies from pre-collected datasets. Compared to single-agent case, multi-agent setting involves a large joint state-action space…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Zongkai Liu , Qian Lin , Chao Yu , Xiawei Wu , Yile Liang , Donghui Li , Xuetao Ding

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) provides a framework for problems involving multiple interacting agents. Despite apparent similarity to the single-agent case, multi-agent problems are often harder to train and analyze…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Michał Zawalski , Błażej Osiński , Henryk Michalewski , Piotr Miłoś

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) algorithms tackle sequential decision problems where agents may have different preferences over (possibly conflicting) reward functions. Such algorithms often learn a set of policies (each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Lucas N. Alegre , Ana L. C. Bazzan , Diederik M. Roijers , Ann Nowé , Bruno C. da Silva

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a promising area of research that can model and control multiple, autonomous decision-making agents. During online training, MARL algorithms involve performance-intensive computations such as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Kailash Gogineni , Peng Wei , Tian Lan , Guru Venkataramani

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in Traffic Signal Control (TSC) faces significant hurdles in real-world deployment due to limited generalization to dynamic traffic flow variations. Existing approaches often overfit static patterns and use…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sheng-You Huang , Hsiao-Chuan Chang , Yen-Chi Chen , Ting-Han Wei , I-Hau Yeh , Sheng-Yao Kuan , Chien-Yao Wang , Hsuan-Han Lee , I-Chen Wu

Executing actions in a correlated manner is a common strategy for human coordination that often leads to better cooperation, which is also potentially beneficial for cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). However, the recent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Dingyang Chen , Qi Zhang