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The movement of molecules inside living cells is a fundamental feature of biological processes. The ability to both observe and analyse the details of molecular diffusion in vivo at the single molecule and single cell level can add…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2012-11-21 Alex Robson , Kevin Burrage , Mark Leake

Denosing diffusion model, as a generative model, has received a lot of attention in the field of image generation recently, thanks to its powerful generation capability. However, diffusion models have not yet received sufficient research in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 ZiHan Cao , ShiQi Cao , Xiao Wu , JunMing Hou , Ran Ran , Liang-Jian Deng

Single molecule imaging is one of the main target areas of X-ray free electron lasers. It relies on the possibility of orienting the large number of low counting statistics 2D diffraction patterns taken at random orientations of identical…

Atomic and Molecular Clusters · Physics 2012-11-30 Zoltan Jurek , Gyula Faigel

Measuring subdiffraction separations between single fluorescent particles is important for biological, nano-, and medical-technology studies. Major challenges include (i) measuring changing molecular separations with high temporal…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Shawn H. DeCenzo , Michael C. DeSantis , Y. M. Wang

Single-photon emitters radiate as electric dipoles, which limits light collection efficiency and complicates integration into flat photonic devices. Developing nanophotonic structures capable of directing photon emission with tunable…

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a critical non-invasive technique to estimate fiber orientation distribution (FOD) for characterizing white matter integrity. Estimating FOD from single-shell low angular resolution dMRI (LAR-FOD) is limited by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Hao Tang , Hanyu Liu , Alessandro Perelli , Xi Chen , Chao Li

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is an important technique to understand the chemical micro-environment in cells and tissues since it provides additional contrast compared to conventional fluorescence imaging. When two…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-19 Varun Mannam , Xiaotong Yuan , Scott Howard

Resonant dielectric nanoparticles (RDNs) made of materials with large positive dielectric permittivity, such as Si, GaP, GaAs, have become a powerful platform for modern light science, enabling various fascinating applications in…

Optics · Physics 2017-10-30 Alex Krasnok , Martin Caldarola , Nicolas Bonod , Andrea Alú

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) allows reconstructing biology-relevant structures beyond the diffraction limit by detecting and localizing individual fluorophores -- fluorescent molecules stained onto the observed specimen --…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Romain Seailles , Jean-Baptiste Masson , Jean Ponce , Julien Mairal

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging technology designed to probe anatomical architectures of biological samples in an in vivo and non-invasive manner through measuring water diffusion. The contribution of this paper is…

Point spread function (PSF) engineering is vital for precisely controlling the focus of light in computational imaging, with applications in neural imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and biophotonics. The PSF is derived from the magnitude of…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-22 Aleksey Valouev

Diffusion models generate high-quality images but require dozens of forward passes. We introduce Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD), a procedure to transform a diffusion model into a one-step image generator with minimal impact on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Tianwei Yin , Michaël Gharbi , Richard Zhang , Eli Shechtman , Fredo Durand , William T. Freeman , Taesung Park

Nonlinear distortion experienced by signals during their propagation through optical fibers strongly limits the throughput of optical communication systems. Recently, a strong research focus has been dedicated to nonlinearity mitigation and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-14 F. Da Ros , S. Civelli , S. Gaiarin , E. P. da Silva , N. De Renzis , M. Secondini , D. Zibar

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful technique in biomedical research that uses the fluorophore decay rate to provide additional contrast in fluorescence microscopy. However, at present, the calculation, analysis,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-09 Varun Mannam , Yide Zhang , Xiaotong Yuan , Cara Ravasio , Scott S. Howard

We extend Regularised Diffusion-Shock (RDS) filtering from Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}_2$ [1] to position-orientation space $\mathbb{M}_2 \cong \mathbb{R}^2 \times S^1$. This has numerous advantages, e.g. making it possible to enhance and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Finn M. Sherry , Kristina Schaefer , Remco Duits

Lens-free on-chip digital holographic microscopy (LFOCDHM) is a modern imaging technique whereby the sample is placed directly onto or very close to the digital sensor, and illuminated by a partially coherent source located far above it.…

Optics · Physics 2019-06-17 Jialin Zhang , Jiasong Sun , Qian Chen , Chao Zuo

We show that structural information can be extracted from single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) data. More precisely, we reinterpret SMLM data as the measures of a phaseless optical diffraction tomography system for which the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-19 Thanh-An Pham , Emmanuel Soubies , Ferréol Soulez , Michael Unser

We introduce HyperDiffusionFields (HyDiF), a framework that models 3D molecular conformers as continuous fields rather than discrete atomic coordinates or graphs. At the core of our approach is the Molecular Directional Field (MDF), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sudarshan Babu , Phillip Lo , Xiao Zhang , Aadi Srivastava , Ali Davariashtiyani , Jason Perera , Michael Maire , Aly A. Khan

Beam shaping - the ability to engineer the phase and the amplitude of massive and massless particles - has long interested scientists working on communication, imaging and the foundations of quantum mechanics. In light optics, the shaping…

Fluorescence microscopy is indispensable in nanoscience and biological sciences. The versatility of labeling target structures with fluorescent dyes permits to visualize structure and function at a subcellular resolution with a wide field…