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It is common practice for chemists to search chemical databases based on substructures of compounds for finding molecules with desired properties. The purpose of de novo molecular generation is to generate instead of search. Existing…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-02-10 Ryuichiro Hataya , Hideki Nakayama , Kazuki Yoshizoe

Designing de novo 3D molecules with desirable properties remains a fundamental challenge in drug discovery and molecular engineering. While diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating high-quality 3D molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Lianghong Chen , Dongkyu Eugene Kim , Mike Domaratzki , Pingzhao Hu

In many domains generating variable length sequences through insertions provides greater flexibility over autoregressive models. However, the action space of insertion models is much larger than that of autoregressive models (ARMs) making…

Deep generative modeling to stochastically design small molecules is an emerging technology for accelerating drug discovery and development. However, one major issue in molecular generative models is their lower frequency of drug-like…

Generating as diverse molecules as possible with desired properties is crucial for drug discovery research, which invokes many approaches based on deep generative models today. Despite recent advancements in these models, particularly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Changhun Lee , Gyumin Lee

Template-based molecular generation offers a promising avenue for drug design by ensuring generated compounds are synthetically accessible through predefined reaction templates and building blocks. In this work, we tackle three core…

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in early-stage drug discovery offers unprecedented opportunities for exploring chemical space and accelerating hit-to-lead optimization. However, docking optimization in generative approaches…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-03 Ekaterina Podplutova , Anastasia Vepreva , Olga A. Konovalova , Vladimir Vinogradov , Dmitrii O. Shkil , Andrei Dmitrenko

The growing demand for molecules with tailored properties in fields such as drug discovery and chemical engineering has driven advancements in computational methods for molecular design. Machine learning-based approaches for de-novo…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Nandan Joshi , Erhan Guven

De novo drug design is a pivotal issue in pharmacology and a new area of focus in AI for science research. A central challenge in this field is to generate molecules with specific properties while also producing a wide range of diverse…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-15 Xiuyuan Hu , Guoqing Liu , Yang Zhao , Hao Zhang

This paper proposes a general method for improving the structure and quality of sequences generated by a recurrent neural network (RNN), while maintaining information originally learned from data, as well as sample diversity. An RNN is…

Machine learning in drug discovery has been focused on virtual screening of molecular libraries using discriminative models. Generative models are an entirely different approach that learn to represent and optimize molecules in a continuous…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-17 Matthew Ragoza , Tomohide Masuda , David Ryan Koes

Recently, deep generative models have revealed itself as a promising way of performing de novo molecule design. However, previous research has focused mainly on generating SMILES strings instead of molecular graphs. Although current graph…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-24 Yibo Li , Liangren Zhang , Zhenming Liu

Deep Reinforcement Learning has enabled the learning of policies for complex tasks in partially observable environments, without explicitly learning the underlying model of the tasks. While such model-free methods achieve considerable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Tanmay Shankar , Santosha K. Dwivedy , Prithwijit Guha

The design of molecules and materials with tailored properties is challenging, as candidate molecules must satisfy multiple competing requirements that are often difficult to measure or compute. While molecular structures, produced through…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-02-07 Julia Westermayr , Joe Gilkes , Rhyan Barrett , Reinhard J. Maurer

The size and quality of chemical libraries to the drug discovery pipeline are crucial for developing new drugs or repurposing existing drugs. Existing techniques such as combinatorial organic synthesis and High-Throughput Screening usually…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-02 Brighter Agyemang , Wei-Ping Wu , Daniel Addo , Michael Y. Kpiebaareh , Ebenezer Nanor , Charles Roland Haruna

Deep generative models are increasingly used for molecular discovery, with most recent approaches relying on equivariant graph neural networks (GNNs) under the assumption that explicit equivariance is essential for generating high-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ewa M. Nowara , Joshua Rackers , Patricia Suriana , Pan Kessel , Max Shen , Andrew Martin Watkins , Michael Maser

Knotted molecules occur naturally and are designed by scientists to gain special biological and material properties. Understanding and utilizing knotting require efficient methods to recognize and generate knotted structures, which are…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Zhiyu Zhang , Yongjian Zhu , Liang Dai

Synthesizable molecular design (also known as synthesizable molecular optimization) is a fundamental problem in drug discovery, and involves designing novel molecular structures to improve their properties according to drug-relevant oracle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Dannong Wang , Jintai Chen , Yingzhou Lu , Minjie Shen , Lulu Chen , Zhiding Liang , Tianfan Fu , Xiao-Yang Liu

Recently, 3D generative models have shown promising performances in structure-based drug design by learning to generate ligands given target binding sites. However, only modeling the target-ligand distribution can hardly fulfill one of the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-22 Xiangxin Zhou , Xiwei Cheng , Yuwei Yang , Yu Bao , Liang Wang , Quanquan Gu

Recent breakthroughs in Go play and strategic games have witnessed the great potential of reinforcement learning in intelligently scheduling in uncertain environment, but some bottlenecks are also encountered when we generalize this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Xingxing Liang , Qi Wang , Yanghe Feng , Zhong Liu , Jincai Huang