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Rydberg atom-based radio frequency electromagnetic field sensors are drawing wide-spread interest because of their unique properties, such as small size, dielectric construction, and self-calibration. These photonic sensors use lasers to…

We propose high-frequency gravitational wave (GW) detectors with Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms are ultra-sensitive detectors of electric fields. By setting up a constant magnetic field, a weak electric field is generated upon the arrival of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-23 Sugumi Kanno , Jiro Soda , Akira Taniguchi

We present enhanced sensing of radio frequency (RF) electric fields (E-fields) by the combined polarizability of Rydberg atoms and the optimized local oscillator (LO) fields of supergheterodyne receiving. Our modified theoretical model…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-01-04 Wenguang Yang , Minyong Jing , Hao Zhang , Linjie Zhang , Liantuan Xiao , Suotang Jia

Rydberg atoms, due to their large polarizabilities and strong transition dipole moments, have been utilized as sensitive electric field sensors. While their capability to detect modulated signals has been previously demonstrated, these…

In recent years, micromachined vapor cells have been revolutionizing the field of chip-scale quantum sensors such as magnetometers and atomic clocks. In parallel, Rydberg atomic quantum sensing has emerged as a powerful technique for…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Avital Giat , Kfir Levi , Ori Nefesh , Liron Stern

The exploitation of sub-MHz (\textless 1 MHz) can be beneficial for a plethora of applications like underwater vehicular communication, subsurface exploration, low-frequency navigation etc. The traditional electrical receivers in this band…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-24 Minze Chen , Tianqi Mao , Wei Xiao , Zhonghuai Wu , Dapeng Li , Mingyao Cui , Qunsong Zeng , Dezhi Zheng , Kaibin Huang , Zhaocheng Wang

Over the past decade, Rydberg atom electric field sensors have been under investigation as potential alternatives or complements to conventional antenna-based receivers for select applications in RF communications, remote sensing, and…

Rydberg atomic quantum receivers (RAQRs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their ultra-high sensitivity. Although capable of precisely detecting the amplitude and phase of weak signals, conventional RAQRs face…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Huizhi Wang , Tierui Gong , Emil Björnson , Chau Yuen

The highly sensitive, phase- and frequency-resolved detection of microwave electric fields is of central importance for diverse fields ranging from astronomy, remote sensing, communication and microwave quantum technology. However, present…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2020-09-22 Mingyong Jing , Ying Hu , Jie Ma , Hao Zhang , Linjie Zhang , Liantuan Xiao , Suotang Jia

Rydberg atomic receivers (RARs) leverage the quantum coherence of highly excited atoms to overcome the intrinsic physical limitations of conventional radio frequency receivers (RFRs), particularly in sensitivity, and bandwidth. This…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-01 Yin Zhang , Jiayi Zhang , Bokai Xu , Yuanbin Chen , Zhilong Liu , Jiakang Zheng , Enyu Shi , Ziheng Liu , Tierui Gong , Wei E. I. Sha , Chau Yuen , Shi Jin , Bo Ai

The spectral properties of an interacting many-body system may display critical character and have potential applications in precision metrology. Here, we demonstrate such many-body enhanced metrology for microwave (MW) electric fields in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-19 Dong-Sheng Ding , Zong-Kai Liu , Bao-Sen Shi , Guang-Can Guo , Klaus Mølmer , Charles S. Adams

We optimize theoretically and experimentally the performances of the recently demonstrated modulation transfer protocol [D.-A. Trinh, K. V. Adwaith, M. Branco, A. Rouxel, S. Welinski, P. Berger, F. Goldfarb, and F. Bretenaker, Applied…

Rydberg atomic receivers have recently emerged as a promising platform for radio-frequency (RF) sensing and reception due to their intrinsic broadband response and calibration-free operation. Most existing receivers rely on four-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Lahiru Shyamal , Harini Hapuarachchi , Saman Atapattu , Jared H. Cole

Improving the bandwidth of Rydberg atom-based receivers is an ongoing challenge owing to the long-lived Rydberg state lifetimes that limit the refresh rate of ground state atoms. In particular, the LO-based Rydberg mixer approach allows for…

Rydberg-atom electrometry, as an emerging cutting-edge technology, features high sensitivity, broad bandwidth, calibration-free operation, and beyond. However, until now the key atomic vapor cells used for confining electric field-sensitive…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Yintao Ma , Beibei Sun , Pan Chen , Yao Chen , Yanbin Wang , Ju Guo , Mingzhi Yu , Ping Yang , Qijing Lina , Libo Zhao

Rydberg EIT-based microwave sensing has limited microwave-to-optical conversion bandwidth due to fundamental limitation in the optical pumping rate to its dark state. We demonstrate a parametric six-wave mixing of optical probe and coupling…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-07-06 Tanim Firdoshi , Sujit Garain , Suman Mondal , Ashok K. Mohapatra

Developing microwave electric field sensing based on Rydberg atom has received significant attention due to its unique advantages. However, achieving effective coupling between Rydberg atom and the microwave electric field in the sensing…

Rydberg atom-based sensors use atoms dressed by lasers to detect and measure radio frequency electromagnetic fields. The absorptive properties of the atomic gas, configured as a Rydberg atom-based sensor, change in the presence of a radio…

The coupling of Rydberg vapour medium to both microwave and optical fields allows harnessing the merits of all-optical detection, e.g. weak disruption of the measured field and invulnerability to extremely strong fields, owing to the lack…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Sebastian Borówka , Mateusz Mazelanik , Wojciech Wasilewski , Michał Parniak

Rydberg atoms have large transition electric dipole moments and high sensitivity to electric fields. We describe a new method for microwave field sensing in a vapor cell consisting of separate excitation, quantum evolution between two…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-06-10 Michael V. Romalis , Joe Wiedemann , Shaobo Zhang , Nezih Dural