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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs), especially for knowledge-intensive tasks. Despite its advantages, current RAG methods often struggle to fully exploit knowledge during generation. In particular,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yi Jiang , Sendong Zhao , Jianbo Li , Haochun Wang , Lizhe Zhang , Yan Liu , Bing Qin

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), particularly Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), has become a standard approach for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited compute. However, in continual settings where models are updated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hung Le , Svetha Venkatesh

It has been shown that Large Language Models' (LLMs) performance can be improved for many tasks using Chain of Thought (CoT) or In-Context Learning (ICL), which involve demonstrating the steps needed to solve a task using a few examples.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Joseph Shtok , Amit Alfassy , Foad Abo Dahood , Eliyahu Schwartz , Sivan Doveh , Assaf Arbelle

Previous work has shown that training "helpful-only" LLMs with reinforcement learning on a curriculum of gameable environments can lead models to generalize to egregious specification gaming, such as editing their own reward function or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Leo McKee-Reid , Christoph Sträter , Maria Angelica Martinez , Joe Needham , Mikita Balesni

Column Type Annotation (CTA) is a fundamental step towards enabling schema alignment and semantic understanding of tabular data. Existing encoder-only language models achieve high accuracy when fine-tuned on labeled columns, but their…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Hanze Meng , Jianhao Cao , Rachel Pottinger

We introduce DeepSeek-Prover-V1.5, an open-source language model designed for theorem proving in Lean 4, which enhances DeepSeek-Prover-V1 by optimizing both training and inference processes. Pre-trained on DeepSeekMath-Base with…

Humans prove theorems by relying on substantial high-level reasoning and problem-specific insights. Proof assistants offer a formalism that resembles human mathematical reasoning, representing theorems in higher-order logic and proofs as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Kaiyu Yang , Jia Deng

State-of-the-art reasoning models utilize long chain-of-thought (CoT) to solve increasingly complex problems using more test-time computation. In this work, we explore a long CoT setting where the model makes up to K successive attempts at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Muhammed Emrullah Ildiz , Halil Alperen Gozeten , Ege Onur Taga , Samet Oymak

There is currently a significant gap between the performance of fine-tuned models and prompting approaches using Large Language Models (LLMs) on the challenging task of text-to-SQL, as evaluated on datasets such as Spider. To improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Mohammadreza Pourreza , Davood Rafiei

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed text understanding, yet their adaptation to specialized legal domains remains constrained by the cost of full fine-tuning. This study provides a systematic evaluation of fine tuning, parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Noshitha Padma Pratyusha Juttu , Sahithi Singireddy , Sravani Gona , Sujal Timilsina

Existing reinforcement learning environment libraries use monolithic environment classes, provide shallow methods for altering agent observation and action spaces, and/or are tied to a specific simulation environment. The Core Reinforcement…

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks requiring multi-step logical reasoning capabilities, such as automated theorem proving. However, challenges persist within theorem proving,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Vincent Li , Tim Knappe , Yule Fu , Kevin Han , Kevin Zhu

Traditional automated theorem provers for first-order logic depend on speed-optimized search and many handcrafted heuristics that are designed to work best over a wide range of domains. Machine learning approaches in literature either…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Eser Aygün , Laurent Orseau , Ankit Anand , Xavier Glorot , Vlad Firoiu , Lei M. Zhang , Doina Precup , Shibl Mourad

In-context learning is a popular inference strategy where large language models solve a task using only a few labeled demonstrations without needing any parameter updates. Although there have been extensive studies on English in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Miaoran Zhang , Vagrant Gautam , Mingyang Wang , Jesujoba O. Alabi , Xiaoyu Shen , Dietrich Klakow , Marius Mosbach

Involving collaborative information in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a promising technique for adapting LLMs for recommendation. Existing methods achieve this by concatenating collaborative features with text tokens into a unified…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yuting Liu , Jinghao Zhang , Yizhou Dang , Yuliang Liang , Qiang Liu , Guibing Guo , Jianzhe Zhao , Xingwei Wang

Recent advances in reasoning and planning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have enabled their potential as autonomous agents capable of tool use in dynamic environments. However, in multi-turn conversational environments like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Venkatesh Mishra , Amir Saeidi , Satyam Raj , Mutsumi Nakamura , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , Ali Payani , Chitta Baral

Large language model (LLM) agents have been applied to sequential decision-making tasks such as web navigation, but without any environment-specific experiences, they often fail in these complex tasks. Moreover, current LLM agents are not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yitao Liu , Chenglei Si , Karthik Narasimhan , Shunyu Yao

Proof assistants are software-based tools that are used in the mechanization of proof construction and validation in mathematics and computer science, and also in certified program development. Different tools are being increasingly used in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-04 Marcus Vinícius Midena Ramos , Ruy J. G. B. de Queiroz

This paper presents Compliance Brain Assistant (CBA), a conversational, agentic AI assistant designed to boost the efficiency of daily compliance tasks for personnel in enterprise environments. To strike a good balance between response…

Efficient long-context LLM deployment is stalled by a dichotomy between amortized compression, which struggles with out-of-distribution generalization, and Test-Time Training, which incurs prohibitive synthetic data costs and requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Zeju Li , Yizhou Zhou , Qiang Xu