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The lack of labeled data is a common challenge in speech classification tasks, particularly those requiring extensive subjective assessment, such as cognitive state classification. In this work, we propose a Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Yuanchao Li , Zixing Zhang , Jing Han , Peter Bell , Catherine Lai

While audio-visual speech models can yield superior performance and robustness compared to audio-only models, their development and adoption are hindered by the lack of labeled and unlabeled audio-visual data and the cost to deploy one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Wei-Ning Hsu , Bowen Shi

Sentence embedding tasks are important in natural language processing (NLP), but improving their performance while keeping them reliable is still hard. This paper presents a framework that combines pseudo-label generation and model ensemble…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ziwei Liu , Qi Zhang , Lifu Gao

In recent years, self-supervised pre-training methods have gained significant traction in learning high-level information from raw speech. Among these methods, HuBERT has demonstrated SOTA performance in automatic speech recognition (ASR).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Hemant Yadav , Sunayana Sitaram , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Inducing semantic representations directly from speech signals is a highly challenging task but has many useful applications in speech mining and spoken language understanding. This study tackles the unsupervised learning of semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Jian Zhu , Zuoyu Tian , Yadong Liu , Cong Zhang , Chia-wen Lo

Self-supervised speech representation learning methods like wav2vec 2.0 and Hidden-unit BERT (HuBERT) leverage unlabeled speech data for pre-training and offer good representations for numerous speech processing tasks. Despite the success…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Heng-Jui Chang , Shu-wen Yang , Hung-yi Lee

With the evolution of the cloud and customer centric culture, we inherently accumulate huge repositories of textual reviews, feedback, and support data.This has driven enterprises to seek and research engagement patterns, user network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Xin Deng , Ross Smith , Genevieve Quintin

Speech emotion recognition (SER) systems aim to recognize human emotional state during human-computer interaction. Most existing SER systems are trained based on utterance-level labels. However, not all frames in an audio have affective…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Qifei Li , Yingming Gao , Cong Wang , Yayue Deng , Jinlong Xue , Yichen Han , Ya Li

Semi-supervised learning through pseudo-labeling has become a staple of state-of-the-art monolingual speech recognition systems. In this work, we extend pseudo-labeling to massively multilingual speech recognition with 60 languages. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Loren Lugosch , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Gabriel Synnaeve , Ronan Collobert

Traditional neural topic models are typically optimized by reconstructing the document's Bag-of-Words (BoW) representations, overlooking contextual information and struggling with data sparsity. In this work, we propose a novel approach to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Raymond Li , Amirhossein Abaskohi , Chuyuan Li , Gabriel Murray , Giuseppe Carenini

Performance in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) on a single language has increased greatly in the last few years thanks to the use of deep learning techniques. However, cross-lingual SER remains a challenge in real-world applications due to…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has led to great strides in speech processing. However, the resources needed to train these models has become prohibitively large as they continue to scale. Currently, only a few groups with substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 William Chen , Xuankai Chang , Yifan Peng , Zhaoheng Ni , Soumi Maiti , Shinji Watanabe

Speech modeling methods learn one embedding for a fixed segment of speech, typically in between 10-25 ms. The information present in speech can be divided into two categories: "what is being said" (content) and "how it is expressed" (other)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hemant Yadav , Sunayana Sitaram , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Semi-supervised learning leverages unlabeled data to enhance model performance, addressing the limitations of fully supervised approaches. Among its strategies, pseudo-supervision has proven highly effective, typically relying on one or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Negin Ghamsarian , Sahar Nasirihaghighi , Klaus Schoeffmann , Raphael Sznitman

This paper investigates self-supervised pre-training for audio-visual speaker representation learning where a visual stream showing the speaker's mouth area is used alongside speech as inputs. Our study focuses on the Audio-Visual Hidden…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-18 Bowen Shi , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Wei-Ning Hsu

Self-training has been shown to be helpful in addressing data scarcity for many domains, including vision, speech, and language. Specifically, self-training, or pseudo-labeling, labels unsupervised data and adds that to the training pool.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Mozhdeh Gheini , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Matthias Sperber , Hendra Setiawan

Continual learning aims to learn new tasks incrementally using less computation and memory resources instead of retraining the model from scratch whenever new task arrives. However, existing approaches are designed in supervised fashion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Jiangpeng He , Fengqing Zhu

Remote sensing projects typically generate large amounts of imagery that can be used to train powerful deep neural networks. However, the amount of labeled images is often small, as remote sensing applications generally require expert…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Maximilian Bernhard , Tanveer Hannan , Niklas Strauß , Matthias Schubert

In semi-supervised learning, methods that rely on confidence learning to generate pseudo-labels have been widely proposed. However, increasing research finds that when faced with noisy and biased data, the model's representation network is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Yanbiao Ma , Licheng Jiao , Fang Liu , Lingling Li , Shuyuan Yang , Xu Liu

Topic models are some of the most popular ways to represent textual data in an interpret-able manner. Recently, advances in deep generative models, specifically auto-encoding variational Bayes (AEVB), have led to the introduction of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Jeffrey Chiu , Rajat Mittal , Neehal Tumma , Abhishek Sharma , Finale Doshi-Velez