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Related papers: Trustworthy Formal Natural Language Specifications

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Formal verification via theorem proving enables the expressive specification and rigorous proof of software correctness, but it is difficult to scale due to the significant manual effort and expertise required. While Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Minghai Lu , Zhe Zhou , Danning Xie , Songlin Jia , Benjamin Delaware , Tianyi Zhang

Proof assistants enable users to develop machine-checked proofs regarding software-related properties. Unfortunately, the interactive nature of these proof assistants imposes most of the proof burden on the user, making formal verification…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Pedro Carrott , Nuno Saavedra , Kyle Thompson , Sorin Lerner , João F. Ferreira , Emily First

Program refinement involves correctness-preserving transformations from formal high-level specification statements into executable programs. Traditional verification tool support for program refinement is highly interactive and lacks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yufan Cai , Zhe Hou , Xiaokun Luan , David Miguel Sanan Baena , Yun Lin , Jun Sun , Jin Song Dong

This comprehensive survey examines Lean 4, a state-of-the-art interactive theorem prover and functional programming language. We analyze its architectural design, type system, metaprogramming capabilities, and practical applications in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Xichen Tang

This article describes the development and formal verification (proof of semantic preservation) of a compiler back-end from Cminor (a simple imperative intermediate language) to PowerPC assembly code, using the Coq proof assistant both for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-11-14 Xavier Leroy

Context: The complexity of modern safety-critical systems in industries keep on increasing due to the rising number of features and functionalities. This calls for formal methods in order to entrust confidence in such systems. Nevertheless,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Arut Prakash Kaleeswaran , Arne Nordmann , Thomas Vogel , Lars Grunske

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) offer promising potential for automating formal methods. However, applying them to formal verification remains challenging due to the complexity of specification languages, the risk of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xinyue Zuo , Yifan Zhang , Hongshu Wang , Yufan Cai , Zhe Hou , Jing Sun , Jin Song Dong

Despite the impressive adaptability of large language models (LLMs), challenges remain in ensuring their security, transparency, and interpretability. Given their susceptibility to adversarial attacks, LLMs need to be defended with an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Tomas Bueno Momcilovic , Beat Buesser , Giulio Zizzo , Mark Purcell , Dian Balta

In this paper, we study the problem of formal verification for Answer Set Programming (ASP), namely, obtaining a formal proof showing that the answer sets of a given (non-ground) logic program P correctly correspond to the solutions to the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Pedro Cabalar , Jorge Fandinno , Yuliya Lierler

As more and more monitoring systems have been deployed to smart cities, there comes a higher demand for converting new human-specified requirements to machine-understandable formal specifications automatically. However, these human-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Zirong Chen , Isaac Li , Haoxiang Zhang , Sarah Preum , John Stankovic , Meiyi Ma

The safety of automated driving systems must be justified by convincing arguments and supported by compelling evidence to persuade certification agencies, regulatory entities, and the general public to allow the systems on public roads.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Jonas Krook , Yuvaraj Selvaraj , Wolfgang Ahrendt , Martin Fabian

Proof-oriented programming languages (POPLs) empower developers to write code alongside formal correctness proofs, providing formal guarantees that the code adheres to specified requirements. Despite their powerful capabilities, POPLs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Rijul Jain , Shraddha Barke , Gabriel Ebner , Md Rakib Hossain Misu , Shan Lu , Sarah Fakhoury

Logical specifications are widely used to represent software systems and their desired properties. Under system degradation or environmental changes, commonly seen in complex real-world robotic systems, these properties may no longer hold…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ben M. Andrew

This informal contribution presents an ongoing line of research that is pursuing a new approach to the construction of sound proofs for the formal verification and control of complex stochastic models of dynamical systems, of reactive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Alessandro Abate

Formal verification of complex algorithms is challenging. Verifying their implementations goes beyond the state of the art of current automatic verification tools and usually involves intricate mathematical theorems. Certifying algorithms…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-02-01 Eyad Alkassar , Sascha Böhme , Kurt Mehlhorn , Christine Rizkallah

Formal explainability guarantees the rigor of computed explanations, and so it is paramount in domains where rigor is critical, including those deemed high-risk. Unfortunately, since its inception formal explainability has been hampered by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Xuanxiang Huang , Joao Marques-Silva

We present a framework for generating physically realizable assembly instructions from natural language descriptions. Unlike unconstrained text-to-3D approaches, our method operates within a discrete parts vocabulary, enforcing geometric…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 David Noever

Assurance cases can be used to argue for the safety of products in safety engineering. In safety-critical areas, the construction of assurance cases is indispensable. Trustworthiness Derivation Trees (TDTs) enhance assurance cases by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Zezhong Chen , Yuxin Deng , Wenjie Du

Formal verification tools are often developed by experts for experts; as a result, their usability by programmers with little formal methods experience may be severely limited. In this paper, we discuss this general phenomenon with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-08-20 Carlo A. Furia , Christopher M. Poskitt , Julian Tschannen

The Edinburgh Logical Framework (LF) is a dependently type lambda calculus that can be used to encode formal systems. The versatility of LF allows specifications to be constructed also about the encoded systems. The Twelf system exploits…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-07-09 Yuting Wang , Gopalan Nadathur