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This work evaluated several cutting-edge large-scale foundation models based on self-supervision or weak supervision, including SeamlessM4T, SeamlessM4T v2, and Whisper-large-v3, on three code-switched corpora. We found that self-supervised…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-02 Chih-Kai Yang , Kuan-Po Huang , Ke-Han Lu , Chun-Yi Kuan , Chi-Yuan Hsiao , Hung-yi Lee

Utilizing Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) models for Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) has proven effective, yet limited research has explored cross-lingual scenarios. This study presents a comparative analysis between human performance and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Zhichen Han , Tianqi Geng , Hui Feng , Jiahong Yuan , Korin Richmond , Yuanchao Li

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has proven vital for advancing research in natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV). The paradigm pretrains a shared model on large volumes of unlabeled data and achieves state-of-the-art…

Self-supervised learned (SSL) models such as Wav2vec and HuBERT yield state-of-the-art results on speech-related tasks. Given the effectiveness of such models, it is advantageous to use them in conventional ASR systems. While some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Darshan Prabhu , Sai Ganesh Mirishkar , Pankaj Wasnik

We introduce the Universal Speech Model (USM), a single large model that performs automatic speech recognition (ASR) across 100+ languages. This is achieved by pre-training the encoder of the model on a large unlabeled multilingual dataset…

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) has seen significant progress with deep learning, yet remains challenging for Low-Resource Languages (LRLs) due to the scarcity of annotated data. In this work, we explore unsupervised learning to improve…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ziwei Gong , Pengyuan Shi , Kaan Donbekci , Lin Ai , Run Chen , David Sasu , Zehui Wu , Julia Hirschberg

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is a key element in new services that helps users to interact with an automated system. Deep learning methods have made it possible to deploy systems with word error rates below 5% for ASR of English.…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Rodolfo Zevallos , Nuria Bel , Guillermo Cámbara , Mireia Farrús , Jordi Luque

While Mamba has demonstrated strong performance in language modeling, its potential as a speech self-supervised learning (SSL) model remains underexplored, with prior studies limited to isolated tasks. To address this, we explore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tzu-Quan Lin , Heng-Cheng Kuo , Tzu-Chieh Wei , Hsi-Chun Cheng , Chun Wei Chen , Hsien-Fu Hsiao , Yu Tsao , Hung-yi Lee

Self-supervised learning (SSL) models have become crucial in speech processing, with recent advancements concentrating on developing architectures that capture representations across multiple timescales. The primary goal of these…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-01 Theo Clark , Benedetta Cevoli , Eloy de Jong , Timofey Abramski , Jamie Dougherty

Recently, masked prediction pre-training has seen remarkable progress in self-supervised learning (SSL) for speech recognition. It usually requires a codebook obtained in an unsupervised way, making it less accurate and difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Chengyi Wang , Yiming Wang , Yu Wu , Sanyuan Chen , Jinyu Li , Shujie Liu , Furu Wei

This paper presents recent progress in the acoustic modelling of under-resourced code-switched (CS) speech in multiple South African languages. We consider two approaches. The first constructs separate bilingual acoustic models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Astik Biswas , Emre Yılmaz , Febe de Wet , Ewald van der Westhuizen , Thomas Niesler

We study training a single acoustic model for multiple languages with the aim of improving automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance on low-resource languages, and over-all simplifying deployment of ASR systems that support diverse…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-09 Vineel Pratap , Anuroop Sriram , Paden Tomasello , Awni Hannun , Vitaliy Liptchinsky , Gabriel Synnaeve , Ronan Collobert

Existing Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) models for speech typically process speech signals at a fixed resolution of 20 milliseconds. This approach overlooks the varying informational content present at different resolutions in speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Jiatong Shi , Hirofumi Inaguma , Xutai Ma , Ilia Kulikov , Anna Sun

Recent methods in speech and language technology pretrain very LARGE models which are fine-tuned for specific tasks. However, the benefits of such LARGE models are often limited to a few resource rich languages of the world. In this work,…

We improve low-resource ASR by integrating the ideas of multilingual training and self-supervised learning. Concretely, we leverage an International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) multilingual model to create frame-level pseudo labels for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-22 Siyuan Feng , Ming Tu , Rui Xia , Chuanzeng Huang , Yuxuan Wang

This paper presents XLS-R, a large-scale model for cross-lingual speech representation learning based on wav2vec 2.0. We train models with up to 2B parameters on nearly half a million hours of publicly available speech audio in 128…

Much recent work on Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) falls short in at least one of three ways: models were trained on oracle text input and neglected the Automatics Speech Recognition (ASR) outputs, models were trained to predict only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Cheng-I Lai , Jin Cao , Sravan Bodapati , Shang-Wen Li

We investigate the performance of self-supervised pretraining frameworks on pathological speech datasets used for automatic speech recognition (ASR). Modern end-to-end models require thousands of hours of data to train well, but only a…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Lester Phillip Violeta , Wen-Chin Huang , Tomoki Toda

Inspired by the humans' cognitive ability to generalise knowledge and skills, Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) targets at discovering general representations from large-scale data without requiring human annotations, which is an expensive and…

Performance in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) on a single language has increased greatly in the last few years thanks to the use of deep learning techniques. However, cross-lingual SER remains a challenge in real-world applications due to…

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