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Self-supervised pre-training has been successful in both text and speech processing. Speech and text offer different but complementary information. The question is whether we are able to perform a speech-text joint pre-training on unpaired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Xianghu Yue , Junyi Ao , Xiaoxue Gao , Haizhou Li

This paper reports on the semi-supervised development of acoustic and language models for under-resourced, code-switched speech in five South African languages. Two approaches are considered. The first constructs four separate bilingual…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-09 Astik Biswas , Emre Yılmaz , Febe de Wet , Ewald van der Westhuizen , Thomas Niesler

Multilingual language models have shown decent performance in multilingual and cross-lingual natural language understanding tasks. However, the power of these multilingual models in code-switching tasks has not been fully explored. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Genta Indra Winata , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Zihan Liu , Zhaojiang Lin , Andrea Madotto , Pascale Fung

Voice Conversion research in recent times has increasingly focused on improving the zero-shot capabilities of existing methods. Despite remarkable advancements, current architectures still tend to struggle in zero-shot cross-lingual…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Advait Joglekar , Divyanshu Singh , Rooshil Rohit Bhatia , S. Umesh

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has made significant advances in speech representation learning. Models like wav2vec 2.0 and HuBERT have achieved state-of-the-art results in tasks such as speech recognition, particularly in monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 María Andrea Cruz Blandón , Zakaria Aldeneh , Jie Chi , Maureen de Seyssel

Building inclusive speech recognition systems is a crucial step towards developing technologies that speakers of all language varieties can use. Therefore, ASR systems must work for everybody independently of the way they speak. To…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-18 Alëna Aksënova , Zhehuai Chen , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Daan van Esch , Pavel Golik , Wei Han , Levi King , Bhuvana Ramabhadran , Andrew Rosenberg , Suzan Schwartz , Gary Wang

In this paper, we propose a novel way of addressing text-dependent automatic speaker verification (TD-ASV) by using a shared-encoder with task-specific decoders. An autoregressive predictive coding (APC) encoder is pre-trained in an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-11 Vijay Ravi , Ruchao Fan , Amber Afshan , Huanhua Lu , Abeer Alwan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased exceptional performance across diverse NLP tasks, and their integration with speech encoder is rapidly emerging as a dominant trend in the Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) field. Previous works…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Zheshu Song , Ziyang Ma , Yifan Yang , Jianheng Zhuo , Xie Chen

Pretrained multilingual encoder models can directly perform zero-shot multilingual tasks or linguistic probing by reformulating the input examples into cloze-style prompts. This is accomplished by predicting the probabilities of the label…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Ercong Nie , Helmut Schmid , Hinrich Schütze

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in zero-shot and few-shot tasks, but achieving similar performance with encoder-only models like BERT and RoBERTa has been challenging due to their architecture. However, encoders offer advantages such as…

Pre-trained multilingual language encoders, such as multilingual BERT and XLM-R, show great potential for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer. However, these multilingual encoders do not precisely align words and phrases across languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Kuan-Hao Huang , Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang

We explore training attention-based encoder-decoder ASR in low-resource settings. These models perform poorly when trained on small amounts of transcribed speech, in part because they depend on having sufficient target-side text to train…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-06 Matthew Wiesner , Adithya Renduchintala , Shinji Watanabe , Chunxi Liu , Najim Dehak , Sanjeev Khudanpur

Despite the recent significant advances witnessed in end-to-end (E2E) ASR system for code-switching, hunger for audio-text paired data limits the further improvement of the models' performance. In this paper, we propose a decoupled…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Shuai Zhang , Jiangyan Yi , Zhengkun Tian , Ye Bai , Jianhua Tao , Zhengqi wen

Building cross-lingual voice conversion (VC) systems for multiple speakers and multiple languages has been a challenging task for a long time. This paper describes a parallel non-autoregressive network to achieve bilingual and code-switched…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-23 Yaogen Yang , Haozhe Zhang , Xiaoyi Qin , Shanshan Liang , Huahua Cui , Mingyang Xu , Ming Li

The prevalence of the powerful multilingual models, such as Whisper, has significantly advanced the researches on speech recognition. However, these models often struggle with handling the code-switching setting, which is essential in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-15 Bobbi Aditya , Mahdin Rohmatillah , Liang-Hsuan Tai , Jen-Tzung Chien

Code-switching is a commonly observed communicative phenomenon denoting a shift from one language to another within the same speech exchange. The analysis of code-switched data often becomes an assiduous task, owing to the limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Tanvi Dadu , Kartikey Pant

This paper shows that pretraining multilingual language models at scale leads to significant performance gains for a wide range of cross-lingual transfer tasks. We train a Transformer-based masked language model on one hundred languages,…

We focus on the problem of language modeling for code-switched language, in the context of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Language modeling for code-switched language is challenging for (at least) three reasons: (1) lack of available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Hila Gonen , Yoav Goldberg

Code-switching is a data augmentation scheme mixing words from multiple languages into source lingual text. It has achieved considerable generalization performance of cross-lingual transfer tasks by aligning cross-lingual contextual word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zhuoran Li , Chunming Hu , Junfan Chen , Zhijun Chen , Xiaohui Guo , Richong Zhang

This paper investigates efficient methods for utilizing text-only data to improve speech recognition, focusing on encoder-dominated models that facilitate faster recognition. We provide a comprehensive comparison of techniques to integrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Albert Zeyer , Tim Posielek , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney