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Machine Learning (ML) is now used in a range of systems with results that are reported to exceed, under certain conditions, human performance. Many of these systems, in domains such as healthcare , automotive and manufacturing, exhibit high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Richard Hawkins , Colin Paterson , Chiara Picardi , Yan Jia , Radu Calinescu , Ibrahim Habli

Prominent AI experts have suggested that companies developing high-risk AI systems should be required to show that such systems are safe before they can be developed or deployed. The goal of this paper is to expand on this idea and explore…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Akash R. Wasil , Joshua Clymer , David Krueger , Emily Dardaman , Simeon Campos , Evan R. Murphy

Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have been inextricably intertwined since their inception. Today, AI-Robotics systems have become an integral part of our daily lives, from robotic vacuum cleaners to semi-autonomous cars. These…

Autonomous surgery involves having surgical tasks performed by a robot operating under its own will, with partial or no human involvement. There are several important advantages of automation in surgery, which include increasing precision…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-07-12 Michael Yip , Nikhil Das

We present a practical verification method for safety analysis of the autonomous driving system (ADS). The main idea is to build a surrogate model that quantitatively depicts the behaviour of an ADS in the specified traffic scenario. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Renjue Li , Tianhang Qin , Pengfei Yang , Cheng-Chao Huang , Youcheng Sun , Lijun Zhang

The ongoing progress in networking security, together with the growing range of robot applications in many fields of everyday life, makes robotics tangible reality in our near future. Accordingly, new advanced services, depends on the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-05-29 Vibekananda Dutta , Teresa Zielinska

In this paper, the current state of security in robotics is described to be in need of review. When we consider safety mechanisms implemented in an Internet-connected robot, the requirement of safety becomes a crucial security requirement.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Ryan Shah

Robotics landscape is experiencing big changes. Robots are spreading and will soon be everywhere. Systems traditionally employed in industry are being replaced by collaborative robots, while more and more professional and consumer robots…

As drones and autonomous cars become more widespread it is becoming increasingly important that robots can operate safely under realistic conditions. The noisy information fed into real systems means that robots must use estimates of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Brian Axelrod , Leslie Pack Kaelbling , Tomás Lozano-Pérez

The field of autonomous robotics is growing at a rapid rate. The trend to use increasingly more sensors in vehicles is driven both by legislation and consumer demands for higher safety and reliable service. Nowadays, robots are found…

The success of the human-robot co-worker team in a flexible manufacturing environment where robots learn from demonstration heavily relies on the correct and safe operation of the robot. How this can be achieved is a challenge that requires…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Kerstin Eder , Chris Harper , Ute Leonards

Autonomous systems will play an essential role in many applications across diverse domains including space, marine, air, field, road, and service robotics. They will assist us in our daily routines and perform dangerous, dirty and dull…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-07-16 Lars Kunze , Nick Hawes , Tom Duckett , Marc Hanheide , Tomáš Krajník

With autonomous vehicles (AVs), a major concern is the inability to give meaningful quantitative assurance of safety, to the extent required by society - e.g. that an AV must be at least as safe as a good human driver - before that AV is in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Peter Bishop , Andrey Povyakalo , Lorenzo Strigini

As AI models scale to billions of parameters and operate with increasing autonomy, ensuring their safe, reliable operation demands engineering-grade security and assurance frameworks. This paper presents an enterprise-level, risk-aware,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Krti Tallam

In the domain of unmanned vehicles, autonomous robotic swarms promise to deliver increased efficiency and collective autonomy. How these swarms will operate in the future, and what communication requirements and operational boundaries will…

This paper presents an overview of Waymo's approach to building a reliable case for safety - a novel and thorough blueprint for use by any company building fully autonomous driving systems. A safety case for fully autonomous operations is a…

"Safety" and "Risk" are key concepts for the design and development of automated vehicles. For the market introduction or large-scale field tests, both concepts are not only relevant for engineers developing the vehicles, but for all…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Marcus Nolte , Leon Johann Brettin , Hans Steege , Nayel Salem , Marvin Loba , Robert Graubohm , Markus Maurer

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in various fields requires solid concepts to ensure compliance with upcoming legislation. This paper systematically examines the compliance of AI systems with relevant…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Julius Schöning , Niklas Kruse

The field of embodied AI (EAI) is rapidly advancing. Unlike virtual AI, EAI systems can exist in, learn from, reason about, and act in the physical world. With recent advances in AI models and hardware, EAI systems are becoming increasingly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Jared Perlo , Alexander Robey , Fazl Barez , Luciano Floridi , Jakob Mökander

Assuring safety for ``AI-based'' systems is one of the current challenges in safety engineering. For automated driving systems, in particular, further assurance challenges result from the open context that the systems need to operate in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Marcus Nolte , Nayel Fabian Salem , Olaf Franke , Jan Heckmann , Christoph Höhmann , Georg Stettinger , Markus Maurer