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In recent years, the contribution of renewable energy resources to the electrical grid has increased drastically; the most common of these are photovoltaic solar panels and wind turbines. These resources rely on inverters to interface with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 John Slane , Adam Mate

A microgrid is a new concept that has changed the power systems dramatically. It is a combination of Distributed Generation Resources (DGR) like Biomass, PV systems, Wind energy, Fuel cell, Diesel Generator, and so on with different types…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-01 Khodakhast Nasirian , Hadi Taheri

The relevant integration of wind power into the grid has involved a remarkable impact on power system operation, mainly in terms of security and reliability due to the inherent loss of the rotational inertia as a consequence of such new…

This paper proposes an optimal, grid-aware control framework for the islanding, island-operation and resynchronisation of hybrid AC/DC microgrids. The optimal control framework is based on a formally derived linearized load-flow model for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-07 Willem Lambrichts , Jules Mace , Drazen Dujic , Mario Paolone

Despite significant advancement in technology, communication and computational failures are still prevalent in safety-critical engineering applications. Often, networked control systems experience packet dropouts, leading to open-loop…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-05 Marc Seidel , Mahathi Anand , Frank Allgöwer

The classic design of grid-forming control strategies for power converters rely on the stringent assumption of the timescale separation between DC and AC states and their corresponding control loops, e.g., AC and DC loops, power and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-05 Meng Chen , Dao Zhou , Ali Tayyebi , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Florian Dörfler , Frede Blaabjerg

The highly fluctuated renewable generations and electric vehicles have undergone tremendous growth in recent years. The majority of them are connected to the grid via power electronic devices, resulting in wide variation ranges for several…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-13 Likai Liu , Zechun Hu , Asad Mujeeb

This paper employs modal analysis to study the core inertial dynamics of governor-controlled synchronous generators (GC-SG), droop-based grid-forming (GFM) converters, and their most fundamental interactions. The results indicate that even…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-03 Gerardo Medrano , Santiago Cóbreces

DC microgrids are converter-based electrical networks that are increasingly being used in various applications, including data centers and industrial distribution systems. A central challenge in their operation is maintaining the DC-bus…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Jovan Krajacic , Ognjen Stanojev , Mario Schweizer , Orcun Karaca , Gabriela Hug , Vladan Lazarević

This paper proposes a decentralized and coordinated voltage and frequency (Vf) control framework for islanded microgrids, with full consideration of the limited capacity of distributed energy resources (DERs) and Vf dependent load. First,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-11 Buxin She , Fangxing Li , Hantao Cui , Jinning Wang , Liang Min , Oroghene Oboreh Snapps , Rui Bo

This paper discusses an extension technology for the previously proposed Flexible Line-Commutated Converter (Flex LCC) [1]. The proposed extension involves modifying the arm internal-electromotive-force control, redesigning the main-circuit…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Qianhao Sun , Ruofan Li , Jichen Wang , Mingchao Xia , Qifang Chen , Meiqi Fan , Gen Li , Xuebo Qiao

This paper proposes a novel control framework designed for Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs), denoted as Generalized Swing Control (GSC). The proposed GSC framework generalizes the definition of Grid-Forming (GFM) control schemes and exploits…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Rodrigo Bernal , Federico Milano

Cascading failures typically occur following a large disturbance in power systems, such as tripping of a generating unit or a transmission line. Such failures can propagate and destabilize the entire power system, potentially leading to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-15 Zhipeng Liu , Andrew Clark , Linda Bushnell , Daniel Kirschen , Radha Poovendran

Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) operate in the harsh marine environment with limited accessibility and maintainability. Not only failures are more likely to occur than in land-based turbines, but also corrective maintenance is more…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-06 Yichao Liu , Riccardo Ferrari , Ping Wu , Xiaoli Jiang , Sunwei Li , Jan-Willem van Wingerden

This study investigates deep offshore, pumping Airborne Wind Energy systems, focusing on the kite-platform interaction. The considered system includes a 360 m2 soft-wing kite, connected by a tether to a winch installed on a 10-meter-deep…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-12 Sofia Trombini , Edoardo Pasta , Lorenzo Fagiano

In a purely inverter-based microgrid, both grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) inverters will have a crucial role to play in frequency/voltage regulation and maintaining power sharing through their grid support capabilities.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-01 Ankit Singhal , Thanh Long Vu , Wei Du

Many countries' policies have shifted rapidly towards using renewable energy for climate reasons. As a result, inverter-based resources are beginning to dominate power systems. Key elements for managing the loss of conventional generators…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-24 Waleed Breesam , Stefan M. Goetz

With the development of offshore wind farms (OWFs) in far-offshore and deep-sea areas, each OWF could contain more and more wind turbines and cables, making it imperative to study high-reliability electrical collector system (ECS) for OWF.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-11 Xiaochi Ding , Xinwei Shen , Qiuwei Wu , Liming Wang , Dechang Yang

As wind turbine power capacities continue to rise, taller and more flexible tower designs are needed for support. These designs often have the tower's natural frequency in the turbine's operating regime, increasing the risk of resonance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Atindriyo K. Pamososuryo , Sebastiaan P. Mulders , Riccardo Ferrari , Jan-Willem van Wingerden

Inverter-dominated microgrids are quickly becoming a key building block of future power systems. They rely on centralized controllers that can provide reliability and resiliency in extreme events. Nonetheless, communication failures due to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-11 Siddharth Bhela , Abhishek Banerjee , Ulrich Muenz , Joachim Bamberger