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Machine learning has shown much promise in helping improve the quality of medical, legal, and financial decision-making. In these applications, machine learning models must satisfy two important criteria: (i) they must be causal, since the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Carolyn Kim , Osbert Bastani

Machine learning (ML) models have been applied to a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks in recent years. In addition to making accurate decisions, the necessity of understanding how models make their decisions has become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

Inner Interpretability is a promising emerging field tasked with uncovering the inner mechanisms of AI systems, though how to develop these mechanistic theories is still much debated. Moreover, recent critiques raise issues that question…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Martina G. Vilas , Federico Adolfi , David Poeppel , Gemma Roig

Recently, artificial intelligence and machine learning in general have demonstrated remarkable performances in many tasks, from image processing to natural language processing, especially with the advent of deep learning. Along with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Erico Tjoa , Cuntai Guan

Interpretable-by-design models are crucial for fostering trust, accountability, and safe adoption of automated decision-making models in real-world applications. In this paper we formalize the ground for the MIMOSA (Mining Interpretable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Riccardo Guidotti , Martina Cinquini , Marta Marchiori Manerba , Mattia Setzu , Francesco Spinnato

When we deploy machine learning models in high-stakes medical settings, we must ensure these models make accurate predictions that are consistent with known medical science. Inherently interpretable networks address this need by explaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Alina Jade Barnett , Fides Regina Schwartz , Chaofan Tao , Chaofan Chen , Yinhao Ren , Joseph Y. Lo , Cynthia Rudin

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across a spectrum of tasks in financial services, including report generation, chatbots, sentiment analysis, regulatory compliance, investment advisory, financial knowledge…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hariom Tatsat , Ariye Shater

Recent years have seen a boom in interest in machine learning systems that can provide a human-understandable rationale for their predictions or decisions. However, exactly what kinds of explanation are truly human-interpretable remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Isaac Lage , Emily Chen , Jeffrey He , Menaka Narayanan , Been Kim , Sam Gershman , Finale Doshi-Velez

What is it to interpret the outputs of an opaque machine learning model. One approach is to develop interpretable machine learning techniques. These techniques aim to show how machine learning models function by providing either model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Andrew Smart , Atoosa Kasirzadeh

Mechanistic interpretability (MI) aims to explain how neural networks work by uncovering their underlying mechanisms. As the field grows in influence, it is increasingly important to examine not just models themselves, but the assumptions,…

Most research on the interpretability of machine learning systems focuses on the development of a more rigorous notion of interpretability. I suggest that a better understanding of the deficiencies of the intuitive notion of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-08 Fabian Offert

Interpretability of epidemiological models is a key consideration, especially when these models are used in a public health setting. Interpretability is strongly linked to the identifiability of the underlying model parameters, i.e., the…

Recent years have witnessed the rapid growth of machine learning in a wide range of fields such as image recognition, text classification, credit scoring prediction, recommendation system, etc. In spite of their great performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Guandong Xu , Tri Dung Duong , Qian Li , Shaowu Liu , Xianzhi Wang

Image classification is an essential part of computer vision which assigns a given input image to a specific category based on the similarity evaluation within given criteria. While promising classifiers can be obtained through deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Emma Andrews , Prabhat Mishra

Deep learning continues to revolutionize an ever-growing number of critical application areas including healthcare, transportation, finance, and basic sciences. Despite their increased predictive power, model transparency and human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Benjamin Shickel , Parisa Rashidi

Mechanistic Interpretability (MI) has emerged as a vital approach to demystify the opaque decision-making of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing reviews primarily treat MI as an observational science, summarizing analytical…

Model interpretability and model editing are crucial goals in the age of large language models. Interestingly, there exists a link between these two goals: if a method is able to systematically edit model behavior with regard to a human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Karel D'Oosterlinck , Thomas Demeester , Chris Develder , Christopher Potts

Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced machine learning research, including natural language processing, computer vision, data mining, etc., yet they still exhibit critical limitations in explainability, reliability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xin Wang , Haoyang Li , Haibo Chen , Zeyang Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

Interpretability is a pressing issue for machine learning. Common approaches to interpretable machine learning constrain interactions between features of the input, rendering the effects of those features on a model's output comprehensible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Kieran A. Murphy , Dani S. Bassett

Mechanistic interpretability aims to explain neural model behaviour by reverse-engineering learned computational structure into human-understandable components. Without a formal framework, however, mechanistic explanations cannot be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ward Gauderis , Thomas Dooms , Steven T. Holmer , Kola Ayonrinde , Geraint A. Wiggins
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