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We investigate the impact of tokeniser pretraining on the accuracy and efficiency of physics emulation. Modern high-resolution simulations produce vast volumes of data spanning diverse physical regimes and scales. Training foundation models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Hadi Sotoudeh , Payel Mukhopadhyay , Ruben Ohana , Michael McCabe , Neil D. Lawrence , Shirley Ho , Miles Cranmer

This article introduces a novel and fast method for refining pre-trained static word or, more generally, token embeddings. By incorporating the embeddings of neighboring tokens in text corpora, it continuously updates the representation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Mario M. Kubek , Shiraj Pokharel , Thomas Böhme , Emma L. McDaniel , Herwig Unger , Armin R. Mikler

Tokenization and transfer learning are two critical components in building state of the art time series foundation models for forecasting. In this work, we systematically study the effect of tokenizer design, specifically scaling and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Alexis Roger , Gwen Legate , Kashif Rasul , Yuriy Nevmyvaka , Irina Rish

Location modeling, or determining where non-existing objects could feasibly appear in a scene, has the potential to benefit numerous computer vision tasks, from automatic object insertion to scene creation in virtual reality. Yet, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jooyeol Yun , Davide Abati , Mohamed Omran , Jaegul Choo , Amirhossein Habibian , Auke Wiggers

Transformers have gained increasing popularity in a wide range of applications, including Natural Language Processing (NLP), Computer Vision and Speech Recognition, because of their powerful representational capacity. However, harnessing…

Geo-localization aims to infer the geographic location where an image was captured using observable visual evidence. Traditional methods achieve impressive results through large-scale training on massive image corpora. With the emergence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jinnao Li , Zijian Chen , Tingzhu Chen , Changbo Wang

Effective and efficient tokenization plays an important role in image representation and generation. Conventional methods, constrained by uniform 2D/1D grid tokenization, are inflexible to represent regions with varying shapes and textures…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Zhengqiang Zhang , Rongyuan Wu , Lingchen Sun , Lei Zhang

Predicting individuals' next locations is a core task in human mobility modelling, with wide-ranging implications for urban planning, transportation, public policy and personalised mobility services. Traditional approaches largely depend on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Xinglei Wang , Tao Cheng , Stephen Law , Zichao Zeng , Ilya Ilyankou , Junyuan Liu , Lu Yin , Weiming Huang , Natchapon Jongwiriyanurak

Global localisation from visual data is a challenging problem applicable to many robotics domains. Prior works have shown that neural networks can be trained to map images of an environment to absolute camera pose within that environment,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Christopher J. Holder , Muhammad Shafique

Predicting the next visited location of an individual is a key problem in human mobility analysis, as it is required for the personalization and optimization of sustainable transport options. Here, we propose a transformer decoder-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Ye Hong , Henry Martin , Martin Raubal

Nowadays, time series forecasting is predominantly approached through the end-to-end training of deep learning architectures using error-based objectives. While this is effective at minimizing average loss, it encourages the encoder to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Jiacheng Wang , Liang Fan , Baihua Li , Luyan Zhang

Position embeddings, encoding the positional relationships among tokens in text sequences, make great contributions to modeling local context features in Transformer-based pre-trained language models. However, in Extractive Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Mingxu Tao , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

Trajectory planning in unstructured environments is a fundamental and challenging capability for mobile robots. Traditional modular pipelines suffer from latency and cascading errors across perception, localization, mapping, and planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Jiaqi Peng , Wenzhe Cai , Yuqiang Yang , Tai Wang , Yuan Shen , Jiangmiao Pang

Indoor localization systems often fuse inertial odometry with map information via hand-defined methods to reduce odometry drift, but such methods are sensitive to noise and struggle to generalize across odometry sources. To address the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Dennis Melamed , Karnik Ram , Vivek Roy , Kris Kitani

Predicting human mobility is inherently challenging due to complex long-range dependencies and multi-scale periodic behaviors. To address this, we introduce RHYTHM (Reasoning with Hierarchical Temporal Tokenization for Human Mobility), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Haoyu He , Haozheng Luo , Yan Chen , Qi R. Wang

The availability of performant pre-trained models has led to a proliferation of fine-tuned expert models that are specialized to particular domains. This has enabled the creation of powerful and adaptive routing-based "Model MoErging"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Pingzhi Li , Prateek Yadav , Jaehong Yoon , Jie Peng , Yi-Lin Sung , Mohit Bansal , Tianlong Chen

Recent research in geospatial machine learning has demonstrated that models pretrained with self-supervised learning on Earth observation data can perform well on downstream tasks with limited training data. However, most of the existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Lucia Gordon , Serge Belongie , Christian Igel , Nico Lang

Recent advancements in location-aware analytics have created novel opportunities in different domains. In the area of process mining, enriching process models with geolocation helps to gain a better understanding of how the process…

LiDAR-based localization and mapping is one of the core components in many modern robotic systems due to the direct integration of range and geometry, allowing for precise motion estimation and generation of high quality maps in real-time.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Julian Nubert , Etienne Walther , Shehryar Khattak , Marco Hutter

Place recognition is critical for both offline mapping and online localization. However, current single-sensor based place recognition still remains challenging in adverse conditions. In this paper, a heterogeneous measurements based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Huan Yin , Xuecheng Xu , Yue Wang , Rong Xiong