Related papers: Model-Checking in the Loop Model-Based Testing for…

Business analysts and domain experts are often sketching the behaviors of a software system using high-level models that are technology- and platform-independent. The developers will refine and enrich these high-level models with technical…

Vehicle API testing verifies whether the interactions between a vehicle's internal systems and external applications meet expectations, ensuring that users can access and control various vehicle functions and data. However, this task is…

Model checking of real-time systems has evolved throughout the years. Recently, the model checker Ecdar, using timed I/O automata, was used to perform compositional verification. However, in order to fully integrate model checking of…

Neural network controllers have shown potential in achieving superior performance in feedback control systems. Although a neural network can be trained efficiently using deep and reinforcement learning methods, providing formal guarantees…

Machine learning (ML) has recently created many new success stories. Hence, there is a strong motivation to use ML technology in software-intensive systems, including safety-critical systems. This raises the issue of safety verification of…

Most reinforcement learning (RL) platforms use high-level programming languages, such as OpenAI Gymnasium using Python. These frameworks provide various API and benchmarks for testing RL algorithms in different domains, such as autonomous…

Interrupts have been widely used in safety-critical computer systems to handle outside stimuli and interact with the hardware, but reasoning about interrupt-driven software remains a difficult task. Although a number of static verification…

Reasoning about safety, security, and other dependability attributes of autonomous systems is a challenge that needs to be addressed before the adoption of such systems in day-to-day life. Formal methods is a class of methods that…

In this paper, we present a domain specific process to assist the verification of observer-based fault detection software. Observer-based fault detection systems, like control systems, yield invariant properties of quadratic types. These…

Low-code development platforms are gaining popularity. Essentially, such platforms allow to shift from coding to graphical modeling, helping to improve quality and reduce development time. The Cordis SUITE is a low-code development platform…

Many embedded and real-time systems have a inherent probabilistic behaviour (sensors data, unreliable hardware,...). In that context, it is crucial to evaluate system properties such as "the probability that a particular hardware fails".…

Simulation-based testing is a cornerstone of Autonomous Driving System (ADS) development, offering safe and scalable evaluation across diverse driving scenarios. However, discrepancies between simulated and real-world behavior, known as the…

System-level test, or SLT, is an increasingly important process step in today's integrated circuit testing flows. Broadly speaking, SLT aims at executing functional workloads in operational modes. In this paper, we consolidate available…

Simulation-based testing remains the main approach for validating Autonomous Driving Systems. We propose a rigorous test method based on breaking down scenarios into simple ones, taking into account the fact that autopilots make decisions…

Formal Methods are mathematically-based techniques for software design and engineering, which enable the unambiguous description of and reasoning about a system's behaviour. Autonomous systems use software to make decisions without human…

[Context] Systems incorporating Machine Learning (ML) models, often called ML-enabled systems, have become commonplace. However, empirical evidence on how ML-enabled systems are engineered in practice is still limited, especially for…

Modern automobiles can be considered as a collection of many subsystems working with each other to realize safe transportation of the occupants. Innovative technologies that make transportation easier are increasingly incorporated into the…

We present a bounded model checking algorithm for signal temporal logic (STL) that exploits mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). A key technical element is our novel MILP encoding of the STL semantics; it follows the idea of stable…

Automotive software testing continues to rely largely upon expensive field tests to ensure quality because alternatives like simulation-based testing are relatively immature. As a step towards lowering reliance on field tests, we present…

Embedded systems represent a billionaire market and are present in most of the processors produced in the world.Embedded software interacts with external peripherals such as sensors and actuators through drivers. The strong interaction…