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To support the testing of AVs, CETRAN has created a guideline for the evaluation of complex multi agent test scenarios presented in this report. This allows for a clear structured manner in evaluating complexity elements based on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Ana Isabel Garcia Guerra , Teng Sung Shiuan

Automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to increase traffic safety and traffic efficiency, among others by enabling flexible mobility-on-demand systems. This is particularly important in Singapore, being one of the world's most densely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-20 J. Ploeg , E. de Gelder , M. Slavík , E. Querner , T. Webster , N. de Boer

A Technical Reference for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), with part 1 focusing on basic behaviour guidelines (TR68-1) is published with the intent to be a reference for evaluation of appropriated behaviour on Autonomous Vehicles for Singapore.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Ana Isabel Garcia Guerra , Teng Sung Shiuan , Paul Hibbard , Yap Jing Yew , Yeo Teck Beng

Testing autonomous vehicles in simulation environments is crucial. Sim-ATAV is an open-source framework developed for experimenting with different test generation techniques in simulation environments for research purposes. This document…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Cumhur Erkan Tuncali

The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has made significant progress in the last years. An important aspect in the development of AVs is the assessment of their safety. New approaches need to be worked out. Among these, real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Erwin de Gelder , Olaf Op den Camp

In this paper, we present ViSTA, a framework for Virtual Scenario-based Testing of Autonomous Vehicles (AV), developed as part of the 2021 IEEE Autonomous Test Driving AI Test Challenge. Scenario-based virtual testing aims to construct…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Andrea Piazzoni , Jim Cherian , Mohamed Azhar , Jing Yew Yap , James Lee Wei Shung , Roshan Vijay

Ensuring the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs), including pedestrians, cyclists, electric scooter riders, and motorcyclists, remains a major challenge for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and connected and automated vehicles…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-23 Zhitong He , Yaobin Chen , Brian King , Lingxi Li

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are being rapidly introduced into our lives. However, public misunderstanding and mistrust have become prominent issues hindering the acceptance of these driverless technologies. The primary objective of this study…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Zhijie Qiao , Helen Loeb , Venkata Gurrla , Matt Lebermann , Johannes Betz , Rahul Mangharam

Simulation is essential to validate autonomous driving systems. However, a simple simulation, even for an extremely high number of simulated miles or hours, is not sufficient. We need well-founded criteria showing that simulation does…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Changwen Li , Joseph Sifakis , Qiang Wang , Rongjie Yan , Jian Zhang

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is of utmost importance and testing them in simulated environments is a safer option than conducting in-field operational tests. However, generating an exhaustive test suite to identify…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Neelofar , Aldeida Aleti

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have demonstrated significant potential in revolutionizing transportation, yet ensuring their safety and reliability remains a critical challenge, especially when exposed to dynamic and unpredictable environments.…

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are complex systems that drive in uncertain environments and potentially navigate unforeseeable situations. Safety of these systems requires not only an absence of malfunctions but also high performance of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Anne Collin , Artur Bilka , Scott Pendleton , Radboud Duintjer Tebbens

The homologation of automated vehicles, being safety-critical complex systems, requires sound evidence for their safe operability. Traditionally, verification and validation activities are guided by a combination of ISO 26262 and ISO/PAS…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Christian Neurohr , Lukas Westhofen , Tabea Henning , Thies de Graaff , Eike Möhlmann , Eckard Böde

We present a new approach to automated scenario-based testing of the safety of autonomous vehicles, especially those using advanced artificial intelligence-based components, spanning both simulation-based evaluation as well as testing in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 Daniel J. Fremont , Edward Kim , Yash Vardhan Pant , Sanjit A. Seshia , Atul Acharya , Xantha Bruso , Paul Wells , Steve Lemke , Qiang Lu , Shalin Mehta

This paper describes (R)ules (o)f (T)he (R)oad (A)dvisor, an agent that provides recommended and possible actions to be generated from a set of human-level rules. We describe the architecture and design of RoTRA, both formally and with an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Joe Collenette , Louise A. Dennis , Michael Fisher

Developing reliable autonomous driving algorithms poses challenges in testing, particularly when it comes to safety-critical traffic scenarios involving pedestrians. An open question is how to simulate rare events, not necessarily found in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Yuhang Yang , Kalle Kujanpaa , Amin Babadi , Joni Pajarinen , Alexander Ilin

Simulation-based testing has become a standard approach to validating autonomous driving agents prior to real-world deployment. A high-quality validation campaign will exercise an agent in diverse contexts comprised of varying static…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Joy Saha , Trey Woodlief , Sebastian Elbaum , Matthew B. Dwyer

The kind of closed-loop verification likely to be required for autonomous vehicle (AV) safety testing is beyond the reach of traditional test methodologies and discrete verification. Validation puts the autonomous vehicle system to the test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Hyun Jae Cho , Madhur Behl

Before introducing an Automated Driving System (ADS) on the road at scale, the manufacturer must conduct some sort of safety assurance. To structure and harmonize the safety assurance process, the UNECE WP.29 Working Party on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Olaf Op den Camp , Erwin de Gelder

Virtual scenario-based testing methods to validate autonomous driving systems are predominantly centred around collision avoidance, and lack a comprehensive approach to evaluate optimal driving behaviour holistically. Furthermore, current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Kethan Reddy , Elias Nassif , Panagiotis Angeloudis , Mohammed Quddus , Washington Ochieng
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