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In the context of increasing demands for long-term multi-energy load forecasting in real-world applications, this paper introduces Patchformer, a novel model that integrates patch embedding with encoder-decoder Transformer-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Qiuyi Hong , Fanlin Meng , Felipe Maldonado

Transformer-based models have shown strong performance in time-series forecasting by leveraging self-attention to model long-range temporal dependencies. However, their effectiveness depends critically on the quality and structure of input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Saurish Nagrath , Saroj Kumar Panigrahy

Time series forecasting is essential for a wide range of real-world applications. Recent studies have shown the superiority of Transformer in dealing with such problems, especially long sequence time series input(LSTI) and long sequence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Li Shen , Yangzhu Wang

Transformers for time series forecasting mainly model time series from limited or fixed scales, making it challenging to capture different characteristics spanning various scales. We propose Pathformer, a multi-scale Transformer with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Peng Chen , Yingying Zhang , Yunyao Cheng , Yang Shu , Yihang Wang , Qingsong Wen , Bin Yang , Chenjuan Guo

Accurate forecasting of multivariate time series remains challenging due to the need to capture both short-term fluctuations and long-range temporal dependencies. Transformer-based models have emerged as a powerful approach, but their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Aymane Harkati , Moncef Garouani , Olivier Teste , Julien Aligon , Mohamed Hamlich

Time series forecasting is a crucial task in various domains. Caused by factors such as trends, seasonality, or irregular fluctuations, time series often exhibits non-stationary. It obstructs stable feature propagation through deep layers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Xiang Ma , Xuemei Li , Lexin Fang , Tianlong Zhao , Caiming Zhang

Recent studies have attempted to refine the Transformer architecture to demonstrate its effectiveness in Long-Term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF) tasks. Despite surpassing many linear forecasting models with ever-improving performance, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Peiwang Tang , Weitai Zhang

Transformers have demonstrated impressive strength in long-term series forecasting. Existing prediction research mostly focused on mapping past short sub-series (lookback window) to future series (forecast window). The longer training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Julong Young , Junhui Chen , Feihu Huang , Jian Peng

Transformer-based models have greatly pushed the boundaries of time series forecasting recently. Existing methods typically encode time series data into $\textit{patches}$ using one or a fixed set of patch lengths. This, however, could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Linfeng Du , Ji Xin , Alex Labach , Saba Zuberi , Maksims Volkovs , Rahul G. Krishnan

Time series forecasting is a fundamental problem with applications in climate, energy, healthcare, and finance. Many existing approaches require domain-specific feature engineering and substantial labeled data for each task. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Olaf Yunus Laitinen Imanov , Derya Umut Kulali , Taner Yilmaz

Time series forecasting is crucial for various applications, such as weather forecasting, power load forecasting, and financial analysis. In recent studies, MLP-mixer models for time series forecasting have been shown as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Md Mahmuddun Nabi Murad , Mehmet Aktukmak , Yasin Yilmaz

Transformer-based time series foundation models face a fundamental trade-off in choice of tokenization: point-wise embeddings preserve temporal fidelity but scale poorly with sequence length, whereas fixed-length patching improves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sravan Kumar Ankireddy , Nikita Seleznev , Nam H. Nguyen , Yulun Wu , Senthil Kumar , Furong Huang , C. Bayan Bruss

There has been a recent surge of interest in time series modeling using the Transformer architecture. However, forecasting multivariate time series with Transformer presents a unique challenge as it requires modeling both temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yu-Hsiang Lan , Eric K. Oermann

Transformers have gained popularity in time series forecasting for their ability to capture long-sequence interactions. However, their high memory and computing requirements pose a critical bottleneck for long-term forecasting. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Vijay Ekambaram , Arindam Jati , Nam Nguyen , Phanwadee Sinthong , Jayant Kalagnanam

We propose an efficient design of Transformer-based models for multivariate time series forecasting and self-supervised representation learning. It is based on two key components: (i) segmentation of time series into subseries-level patches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Yuqi Nie , Nam H. Nguyen , Phanwadee Sinthong , Jayant Kalagnanam

Time series forecasting plays a critical role in domains such as energy, finance, and healthcare, where accurate predictions inform decision-making under uncertainty. Although Transformer-based models have demonstrated success in sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ali Forootani , Mohammad Khosravi

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformer architectures offer strengths for modeling temporal data: CNNs excel at capturing local patterns and translational invariances, while transformers effectively model long-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Stefano F. Stefenon , João P. Matos-Carvalho , Valderi R. Q. Leithardt , Kin-Choong Yow

Multivariate time series forecasting remains a challenge due to the complexity of local temporal dynamics and global dependencies across multiple variables. In this paper, we propose \textbf{N}eighboring \textbf{P}atching \textbf{Mixer}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jung Min Choi , Vijaya Krishna Yalavarthi , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

In long-term multivariate time series forecasting, effectively capturing both periodic patterns and residual dynamics is essential. To address this within standard deep learning benchmark settings, we propose the Hierarchical Patching Mixer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Jung Min Choi , Vijaya Krishna Yalavarthi , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

Transformer-based time series forecasting has recently gained strong interest due to the ability of transformers to model sequential data. Most of the state-of-the-art architectures exploit either temporal or inter-channel dependencies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Davide Villaboni , Alberto Castellini , Ivan Luciano Danesi , Alessandro Farinelli
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