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Quantum tomography requires repeated measurements of many copies of the physical system, all prepared by a source in the unknown state. In the limit of very many copies measured, the often-used maximum-likelihood (ML) method for converting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-09 Hui Khoon Ng , Berthold-Georg Englert

As we enter a new era of quantum technology, it is increasingly important to develop methods to aid in the accurate preparation of quantum states for a variety of materials, matter, and devices. Computational techniques can be used to…

Accurate quantum state readout is crucial for error correction and algorithms, but measurement errors are detrimental. Readout fidelity is typically limited by a poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and energy relaxation ($T_1$ decay), a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Samuel Jung , Neel Vora , Akel Hashim , Yilun Xu , Gang Huang

Revealing latent structure in data is an active field of research, having introduced exciting technologies such as variational autoencoders and adversarial networks, and is essential to push machine learning towards unsupervised knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Daniel C. Castro , Jeremy Tan , Bernhard Kainz , Ender Konukoglu , Ben Glocker

Numerous quantum algorithms operate under the assumption that classical data has already been converted into quantum states, a process termed Quantum State Preparation (QSP). However, achieving precise QSP requires a circuit depth that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Yilun Zhao , Bingmeng Wang , Wenle Jiang , Xiwei Pan , Bing Li , Yinhe Han , Ying Wang

Quantum state tomography provides a fundamental framework for reconstructing quantum states. When the measurement data are not informationally complete, the observed statistics admit multiple compatible density matrices, making the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 V. A. Penas , M. Losada , D. Tielas , F. Holik

To obtain a complete description of a quantum system, one usually employs standard quantum state tomography, which however requires exponential number of measurements to perform and hence is impractical when the system's size grows large.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-17 Tao Xin , Xinfang Nie , Xiangyu Kong , Jingwei Wen , Dawei Lu , Jun Li

In disentangled representation learning, a model is asked to tease apart a dataset's underlying sources of variation and represent them independently of one another. Since the model is provided with no ground truth information about these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Kyle Hsu , Will Dorrell , James C. R. Whittington , Jiajun Wu , Chelsea Finn

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive, low-cost bedside imaging modality with high temporal resolution, making it suitable for bedside monitoring. However, its inherently ill-posed inverse problem poses significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Hao Fang , Sihao Teng , Hao Yu , Siyi Yuan , Huaiwu He , Zhe Liu , Yunjie Yang

Quantum state tomography is a key technique for quantum information processing, but is challenging due to the exponential growth of its complexity with the system size. In this work, we propose an algorithm which iteratively finds the best…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-13 Donghong Han , Chu Guo , Xiaoting Wang

Quantum state tomography (QST) is one of the fundamental problems in quantum information. Among various metrics, sample complexity is widely used to evaluate QST algorithms. While multi-copy measurements are known to achieve optimal sample…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Gyungmin Cho , Dohun Kim

Quantum state tomography (QST) allows for the reconstruction of quantum states through measurements and some inference technique under the assumption of repeated state preparations. Bayesian inference provides a promising platform to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-22 Hanson H. Nguyen , Kody J. H. Law , Joseph M. Lukens

Noise is an important factor that influences the reliability of information acquisition, transmission, processing, and storage. In order to suppress the inevitable noise effects, a fault-tolerant information processing approach via quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Qi Song , Hongjing Li , Chengxi Yu , Jingzheng Huang , Ding Wang , Peng Huang , Guihua Zeng

Efficiently characterizing large quantum states and processes is a central yet notoriously challenging task in quantum information science, as conventional tomography methods typically require resources that grow exponentially with system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Chenyang Li , Shengxin Zhuang , Yukun Zhang , Jingbo B. Wang , Xiao Yuan , Yusen Wu , Chuan Wang

Quantum process tomography (QPT) is a fundamental tool for fully characterizing quantum systems. It relies on querying a set of quantum states as input to the quantum process. Previous QPT methods typically employ a straightforward strategy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Jiaqi Yang , Xiaohua Xu , Wei Xie

New algorithm for quantum state estimation based on the maximum likelihood estimation is proposed. Existing techniques for state reconstruction based on the inversion of measured data are shown to be overestimated since they do not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Zdenek Hradil

Quantum state tomography (QST) scales exponentially in both measurement and computational cost, making full reconstruction impractical for multi-qubit systems. Existing approaches attempt to reduce this complexity, but do not explicitly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Ayush Chambyal , Brijesh , Rakesh Sharma

Quantifying and verifying the control level in preparing a quantum state are central challenges in building quantum devices. The quantum state is characterized from experimental measurements, using a procedure known as tomography, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Quoc Hoan Tran , Kohei Nakajima

Linear regression is a widely used technique to fit linear models and finds widespread applications across different areas such as machine learning and statistics. In most real-world scenarios, however, linear regression problems are often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Shantanav Chakraborty , Aditya Morolia , Anurudh Peduri

Image Quality Transfer (IQT) aims to enhance the contrast and resolution of low-quality medical images, e.g. obtained from low-power devices, with rich information learned from higher quality images. In contrast to existing IQT methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-12 Ahmed Karam Eldaly , Matteo Figini , Daniel C. Alexander