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A new approximate Quantum State Preparation (QSP) method is introduced, called the Walsh Series Loader (WSL). The WSL approximates quantum states defined by real-valued functions of single real variables with a depth independent of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-13 Julien Zylberman , Fabrice Debbasch

Quantum state tomography is an essential tool for the characterization and verification of quantum states. However, as it cannot be directly applied to systems with more than a few qubits, efficient tomography of larger states on mid-sized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-01 Yotam Y. Lifshitz , Eyal Bairey , Eli Arbel , Gadi Aleksandrowicz , Haggai Landa , Itai Arad

Quantum state tomography (QST) is an essential technique for reconstructing the density matrix of an unknown quantum state from measurement data, crucial for quantum information processing. However, conventional QST requires an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Yoshiyuki Kakihara , Daisuke Yamamoto , Giacomo Marmorini

Quantum state tomography is a crucial technique for characterizing the state of a quantum system, which is essential for many applications in quantum technologies. In recent years, there has been growing interest in leveraging neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Nhan Trong Luu , Tuyen Quang Nguyen , Duong Trung Luu , Thang Cong Truong

Photonic quantum technologies utilize various degrees of freedom (DOFs) of light, such as polarization, frequency, and spatial modes, to encode quantum information. In the effort of further improving channel capacity of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Roey Shafran , Ron Ziv , Mordechai Segev

Due to the strong correlations present in quantum systems, classical machine learning algorithms like stochastic gradient descent are often insufficient for the training of neural network quantum states (NQSs). These difficulties can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-23 J. Thorben Frank , Michael J. Kastoryano

The stabilization of quantum states is a fundamental problem for realizing various quantum technologies. Measurement-based-feedback strategies have demonstrated powerful performance, and the construction of quantum control signals using…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Chunxiang Song , Yanan Liu , Daoyi Dong , Hidehiro Yonezawa

Whenever we do not have an informationally complete set of measurements, the estimate of a quantum state can not be uniquely determined. In this case, among the density matrices compatible with the available data, it is commonly preferred…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-04 D. S. Gonçalves , C. Lavor , M. A. Gomes-Ruggiero , A. T. Cesário , R. O. Vianna , T. O. Maciel

Quantum state tomography (QST) is a crucial ingredient for almost all aspects of experimental quantum information processing. As an analog of the "imaging" technique in the quantum settings, QST is born to be a data science problem, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-10 Ying Zuo , Chenfeng Cao , Ningping Cao , Xuanying Lai , Bei Zeng , Shengwang Du

Improved measurement techniques are central to technological development and foundational scientific exploration. Quantum optics relies upon detectors sensitive to non-classical features of light, enabling precise tests of physical laws and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-18 Merlin Cooper , Michal Karpinski , Brian J. Smith

In this paper, we explore an efficient online algorithm for quantum state estimation based on a matrix-exponentiated gradient method previously used in the context of machine learning. The state update is governed by a learning rate that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-28 Akram Youssry , Christopher Ferrie , Marco Tomamichel

We propose a high efficiency tomographic scheme to reconstruct an unknown quantum state of the qubits by using a series of quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements. The proposed QND measurements of the qubits are implemented by probing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 J. S. Huang , L. F. Wei , C. H. Oh

Quantum state preparation is a fundamental component of quantum algorithms, particularly in quantum machine learning and data processing, where classical data must be encoded efficiently into quantum states. Existing amplitude encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Carsten Blank , Israel F. Araujo

Entanglement is a key property in the development of quantum technologies and in the study of quantum many-body simulations. However, entanglement measurement typically requires quantum full-state tomography (FST). Here we present a neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-20 Yulei Huang , Liangyu Che , Chao Wei , Feng Xu , Xinfang Nie , Jun Li , Dawei Lu , Tao Xin

Pattern recognition is a central topic in Learning Theory with numerous applications such as voice and text recognition, image analysis, computer diagnosis. The statistical set-up in classification is the following: we are given an i.i.d.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-23 Madalin Guta , Wojciech Kotlowski

In this article, we investigate the problem of state reconstruction of four-level quantum systems. A realistic scenario is considered with measurement results distorted by random unitary operators. Two frames which define injective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Artur Czerwinski

We propose an estimation method for quantum measurement tomography (QMT) based on semidefinite programming (SDP), and discuss how it may be employed to detect experimental imperfections, such as shot noise and/or faulty preparation of the…

Quantum states are successfully reconstructed using the maximum likelihood estimation on the subspace where the measured projectors reproduce the identity operator. Reconstruction corresponds to normalization of incompatible observations.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Z. Hradil , J. Summhammer , H. Rauch

Studying general quantum many-body systems is one of the major challenges in modern physics because it requires an amount of computational resources that scales exponentially with the size of the system.Simulating the evolution of a state,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-03 Andrea Rocchetto , Edward Grant , Sergii Strelchuk , Giuseppe Carleo , Simone Severini

We use a meta-learning neural-network approach to analyse data from a measured quantum state. Once our neural network has been trained it can be used to efficiently sample measurements of the state in measurement bases not contained in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-01 Alistair W. R. Smith , Johnnie Gray , M. S. Kim