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Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on their linguistic reasoning capabilities is an important task to understand the gaps in their skills that may surface during large-scale adoption. In this work, we investigate the abilities of such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Raghav Ramji , Keshav Ramji

Two primary ways to change LLM behavior are prompting and weight updates (e.g., fine-tuning). Prompting LLMs is simple and effective, specifying the desired changes explicitly in natural language, whereas weight updates provide more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Aman Bhargava , Cameron Witkowski , Alexander Detkov , Matt Thomson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency across diverse tasks, exhibiting emergent properties such as semantic prompt comprehension, In-Context Learning (ICL), and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. Despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yuling Jiao , Yanming Lai , Huazhen Lin , Wensen Ma , Houduo Qi , Defeng Sun

Continual Learning (CL) enables machine learning models to learn from continuously shifting new training data in absence of data from old tasks. Recently, pretrained vision transformers combined with prompt tuning have shown promise for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Anurag Roy , Riddhiman Moulick , Vinay K. Verma , Saptarshi Ghosh , Abir Das

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in reasoning tasks depends heavily on prompt design, with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and self-consistency being critical methods that enhance this ability. However, these methods do not fully…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Chuanyang Zheng , Zhengying Liu , Enze Xie , Zhenguo Li , Yu Li

The reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) remain a topic of debate. Some methods such as ReAct-based prompting, have gained popularity for claiming to enhance sequential decision-making abilities of agentic LLMs. However, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Mudit Verma , Siddhant Bhambri , Subbarao Kambhampati

Prompt-based fine-tuning has become an essential method for eliciting information encoded in pre-trained language models for a variety of tasks, including text classification. For multi-class classification tasks, prompt-based fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Zhiwen You , Kanyao Han , Haotian Zhu , Bertram Ludäscher , Jana Diesner

Existing efforts to improve logical reasoning ability of language models have predominantly relied on supervised fine-tuning, hindering generalization to new domains and/or tasks. The development of Large Langauge Models (LLMs) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Fangkai Jiao , Zhiyang Teng , Bosheng Ding , Zhengyuan Liu , Nancy F. Chen , Shafiq Joty

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable machine translation (MT) abilities via prompting, even though they were not explicitly trained for this task. However, even given the incredible quantities of data they are trained on,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Marjan Ghazvininejad , Hila Gonen , Luke Zettlemoyer

Decision Transformer (DT) has emerged as a promising class of algorithms in offline reinforcement learning (RL) tasks, leveraging pre-collected datasets and Transformer's capability to model long sequences. Recent works have demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yu Yang , Pan Xu

Promptagator demonstrated that Large Language Models (LLMs) with few-shot prompts can be used as task-specific query generators for fine-tuning domain-specialized dense retrieval models. However, the original Promptagator approach relied on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Daniel Gwon , Nour Jedidi , Jimmy Lin

Synthesis of digital artifacts conditioned on user prompts has become an important paradigm facilitating an explosion of use cases with generative AI. However, such models often fail to connect the generated outputs and desired target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Melvin Wong , Yew-Soon Ong , Abhishek Gupta , Kavitesh K. Bali , Caishun Chen

Human reasoning involves different strategies, each suited to specific problems. Prior work shows that large language model (LLMs) tend to favor a single reasoning strategy, potentially limiting their effectiveness in diverse reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Yanjian Zhang , Guillaume Wisniewski , Nadi Tomeh , Thierry Charnois

Large language models (LLMs) and prompt engineering hold significant potential for advancing computer programming education through personalized instruction. This paper explores this potential by investigating three critical research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Tianyu Wang , Nianjun Zhou , Zhixiong Chen

Large language model (LLM) has achieved promising performance in multilingual machine translation tasks through zero/few-shot prompts or prompt-tuning. However, due to the mixture of multilingual data during the pre-training of LLM, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shaojie Dai , Xin Liu , Ping Luo , Yue Yu

Recent works have shown promising results of prompt tuning in stimulating pre-trained language models (PLMs) for natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, to the best of our knowledge, existing works focus on prompt-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yuan Yao , Bowen Dong , Ao Zhang , Zhengyan Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Zhiyuan Liu , Leyu Lin , Maosong Sun , Jianyong Wang

Prompt engineering has emerged as a critical component in optimizing large language models (LLMs) for domain-specific tasks. However, the role of prompt specificity, especially in domains like STEM (physics, chemistry, biology, computer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Dimitri Schreiter

Current literature demonstrates that Large Language Models (LLMs) are great few-shot learners, and prompting significantly increases their performance on a range of downstream tasks in a few-shot learning setting. An attempt to automate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Yulin Zhou , Yiren Zhao , Ilia Shumailov , Robert Mullins , Yarin Gal

Recently, scaling test-time compute on Large Language Models (LLM) has garnered wide attention. However, there has been limited investigation of how various reasoning prompting strategies perform as scaling. In this paper, we focus on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yexiang Liu , Zekun Li , Zhi Fang , Nan Xu , Ran He , Tieniu Tan

This paper investigates the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving complex linguistic puzzles, a domain requiring advanced reasoning and adept translation capabilities akin to human cognitive processes. We explore specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zheng-Lin Lin , Yu-Fei Shih , Shu-Kai Hsieh