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Verifying probabilistic forecasts for extreme events is a highly active research area because popular media and public opinions are naturally focused on extreme events, and biased conclusions are readily made. In this context, classical…

Extreme weather events epitomize high cost: to society through their physical impacts, and to computer servers that simulate them to assess risk and advance physical understanding. It costs hundreds of simulation years to sample a few…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Justin Finkel , Paul A. O'Gorman

The object of this paper is twofold. From one side we study the dichotomy, in terms of the Extremal Index of the possible Extreme Value Laws, when the rare events are centred around periodic or non periodic points. Then we build a general…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-03-24 Hale Aytaç , Jorge Milhazes Freitas , Sandro Vaienti

Event attribution in the context of climate change seeks to understand the role of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on extreme weather events, either specific events or classes of events. A common approach to event attribution uses…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-06 Christopher J. Paciorek , Dáithí A. Stone , Michael F. Wehner

Many rare weather events, including hurricanes, droughts, and floods, dramatically impact human life. To accurately forecast these events and characterize their climatology requires specialized mathematical techniques to fully leverage the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-07-15 Justin Finkel , Dorian Abbot , Jonathan Weare

We propose and compare methods for the analysis of extreme events in complex systems governed by PDEs that involve random parameters, in situations where we are interested in quantifying the probability that a scalar function of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Shanyin Tong , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Georg Stadler

Extratropical cyclones are large-scale weather systems which are often the source of extreme weather events in Northern Europe, often leading to mass infrastructural damage and casualties. Such systems create a local vorticity maxima which…

Applications · Statistics 2019-05-23 Paul Sharkey , Jonathan A. Tawn , Simon J. Brown

The areal modeling of the extremes of a natural process such as rainfall or temperature is important in environmental statistics; for example, understanding extreme areal rainfall is crucial in flood protection. This article reviews recent…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-08-17 A. C. Davison , S. A. Padoan , M. Ribatet

From environmental sciences to finance, there is a growing demand for methods that can assess the risks of extreme events beyond those observed in available data. Extrapolating extreme events beyond the range of the data is not obvious.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-07 Boris Beranger , Simone A. Padoan

Computing the return times of extreme events and assessing the impact of climate change on such return times is fundamental to extreme event attribution studies. However, the rarity of such events in the observational record makes this task…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-12-03 Clément Le Priol , Joy M. Monteiro , Freddy Bouchet

Accurate estimation of the frequency and magnitude of successive extreme events in energy demand is critical for strategic resource planning. Traditional approaches based on extreme value theory (EVT) are typically limited to modelling…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Grace Burtenshaw , Joe Lane , Meagan Carney

Climate statistics is of course a very broad field, along with the many connections and impacts for yet other areas, with a history as long as mankind has been recording temperatures, describing drastic weather events, etc. The important…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-06 Nils Lid Hjort

Since long back, scientists have been putting enormous effort to understand earthquake dynamics -the goal is to develop a successful prediction scheme which can provide reliable alarm that an earthquake is imminent. Model studies sometimes…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-08-03 Srutarshi Pradhan

Extreme events, such as market crashes, natural disasters, and pandemics, are rare but catastrophic, often triggering cascading failures across interconnected systems. Accurate prediction and early warning can help minimize losses and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jingyi Gu , Xuan Zhang , Guiling Wang

Wildfire is an important system process of the earth that occurs across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. A variety of methods have been used to predict wildfire phenomena during the past century to better our understanding of…

Applications · Statistics 2013-12-24 S. W. Taylor , Douglas G. Woolford , C. B. Dean , David L. Martell

Extreme environmental phenomena such as major precipitation events manifestly exhibit spatial dependence. Max-stable processes are a class of asymptotically-justified models that are capable of representing spatial dependence among extreme…

Applications · Statistics 2013-01-09 Brian J. Reich , Benjamin A. Shaby

Sociotechnological and geospatial processes exhibit time varying structure that make insight discovery challenging. This paper proposes a new statistical model for such systems, modeled as dynamic networks, to address this challenge. It…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Jace Robinson , Derek Doran

Spatial modelling of extreme values allows studying the risk of joint occurrence of extreme events at different locations and is of significant interest in climatic and other environmental sciences. A popular class of dependence models for…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-11 Lorenzo Dell'Oro , Carlo Gaetan , Thomas Opitz

Causal phenomena associated with rare events occur across a wide range of engineering problems, such as risk-sensitive safety analysis, accident analysis and prevention, and extreme value theory. However, current methods for causal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-19 Chih-Yuan Chiu , Kshitij Kulkarni , Shankar Sastry

Earth System Models (ESMs) are the state of the art for projecting the effects of climate change. However, longstanding uncertainties in their ability to simulate regional and local precipitation extremes and related processes inhibit…

Applications · Statistics 2017-07-20 Evan Kodra , Singdhansu Chatterjee , Stone Chen , Auroop R. Ganguly