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Certifying the robustness of a graph-based machine learning model poses a critical challenge for safety. Current robustness certificates for graph classifiers guarantee output invariance with respect to the total number of node pair flips…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Pierre Osselin , Henry Kenlay , Xiaowen Dong

Strong theoretical guarantees of robustness can be given for ensembles of classifiers generated by input randomization. Specifically, an $\ell_2$ bounded adversary cannot alter the ensemble prediction generated by an additive isotropic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Guang-He Lee , Yang Yuan , Shiyu Chang , Tommi S. Jaakkola

This paper presents novel methods for estimating certified radii in randomized smoothing, a technique crucial for certifying the robustness of neural networks against adversarial perturbations. Our proposed techniques significantly improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Zixuan Liang

Post-hoc attribution methods aim to explain deep learning predictions by highlighting influential input pixels. However, these explanations are highly non-robust: small, imperceptible input perturbations can drastically alter the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Alaa Anani , Tobias Lorenz , Mario Fritz , Bernt Schiele

Randomized smoothing, using just a simple isotropic Gaussian distribution, has been shown to produce good robustness guarantees against $\ell_2$-norm bounded adversaries. In this work, we show that extending the smoothing technique to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Aounon Kumar , Alexander Levine , Tom Goldstein , Soheil Feizi

We show a hardness result for random smoothing to achieve certified adversarial robustness against attacks in the $\ell_p$ ball of radius $\epsilon$ when $p>2$. Although random smoothing has been well understood for the $\ell_2$ case using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-06 Avrim Blum , Travis Dick , Naren Manoj , Hongyang Zhang

Watermarking is a commonly used strategy to protect creators' rights to digital images, videos and audio. Recently, watermarking methods have been extended to deep learning models -- in principle, the watermark should be preserved when an…

We extend randomized smoothing to cover parameterized transformations (e.g., rotations, translations) and certify robustness in the parameter space (e.g., rotation angle). This is particularly challenging as interpolation and rounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Marc Fischer , Maximilian Baader , Martin Vechev

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in safety-critical areas, but it can be weakened by adversarial attacks. Recent studies have introduced "smoothed policies" in order to enhance its robustness. Yet, it is still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Ronghui Mu , Leandro Soriano Marcolino , Tianle Zhang , Yanghao Zhang , Xiaowei Huang , Wenjie Ruan

Randomized smoothing has become essential for achieving certified adversarial robustness in machine learning models. However, current methods primarily use isotropic noise distributions that are uniform across all data dimensions, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hanbin Hong , Ashish Kundu , Ali Payani , Binghui Wang , Yuan Hong

Backdoor attack is a severe security threat to deep neural networks (DNNs). We envision that, like adversarial examples, there will be a cat-and-mouse game for backdoor attacks, i.e., new empirical defenses are developed to defend against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Binghui Wang , Xiaoyu Cao , Jinyuan jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Randomized Smoothing (RS) offers formal $\ell_2$ guarantees for arbitrary base classifiers but faces two key practical bottlenecks: (i) it often relies on noise-augmented training to achieve nontrivial certificates, which increases training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Miao Lin , MD Saifur Rahman Mazumder , Feng Yu , Daniel Takabi , Rui Ning

Certified defenses such as randomized smoothing have shown promise towards building reliable machine learning systems against $\ell_p$-norm bounded attacks. However, existing methods are insufficient or unable to provably defend against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Zhongkai Hao , Chengyang Ying , Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Jian Song

Recent work in adversarial robustness suggests that natural data distributions are localized, i.e., they place high probability in small volume regions of the input space, and that this property can be utilized for designing classifiers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Ambar Pal , René Vidal , Jeremias Sulam

Randomized smoothing is the primary certified robustness method for accessing the robustness of deep learning models to adversarial perturbations in the l2-norm, by adding isotropic Gaussian noise to the input image and returning the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Chengyan Fu , Wenjie Wang

Randomized smoothing has become a leading method for achieving certified robustness in deep classifiers against l_{p}-norm adversarial perturbations. Current approaches for achieving certified robustness, such as data augmentation with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jieren Deng , Hanbin Hong , Aaron Palmer , Xin Zhou , Jinbo Bi , Kaleel Mahmood , Yuan Hong , Derek Aguiar

Randomized smoothing is a well-established method for achieving certified robustness against l2-adversarial perturbations. By incorporating a denoiser before the base classifier, pretrained classifiers can be seamlessly integrated into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ali Hedayatnia , Mostafa Tavassolipour , Babak Nadjar Araabi , Abdol-Hossein Vahabie

Randomized smoothing is currently the state-of-the-art method that provides certified robustness for deep neural networks. However, due to its excessively conservative nature, this method of incomplete verification often cannot achieve an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Bo-Han Kung , Shang-Tse Chen

A reliable application of deep neural network classifiers requires robustness certificates against adversarial perturbations. Gaussian smoothing is a widely analyzed approach to certifying robustness against norm-bounded perturbations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Hossein Goli , Farzan Farnia

The robustness of image segmentation has been an important research topic in the past few years as segmentation models have reached production-level accuracy. However, like classification models, segmentation models can be vulnerable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Othmane Laousy , Alexandre Araujo , Guillaume Chassagnon , Marie-Pierre Revel , Siddharth Garg , Farshad Khorrami , Maria Vakalopoulou