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Learning new task-specific skills from a few trials is a fundamental challenge for artificial intelligence. Meta reinforcement learning (meta-RL) tackles this problem by learning transferable policies that support few-shot adaptation to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Zhizhou Ren , Anji Liu , Yitao Liang , Jian Peng , Jianzhu Ma

We present an algorithm for local, regularized, policy improvement in reinforcement learning (RL) that allows us to formulate model-based and model-free variants in a single framework. Our algorithm can be interpreted as a natural extension…

While reinforcement learning algorithms can learn effective policies for complex tasks, these policies are often brittle to even minor task variations, especially when variations are not explicitly provided during training. One natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Saurabh Kumar , Aviral Kumar , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated notable success in post-training large language models (LLMs) as agents for tasks such as computer use, tool calling, and coding. However, exploration remains a central challenge in RL for LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Andrew Szot , Michael Kirchhof , Omar Attia , Alexander Toshev

Reinforcement learning (RL) faces substantial challenges when applied to real-life problems, primarily stemming from the scarcity of available data due to limited interactions with the environment. This limitation is exacerbated by the fact…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Cristiano Capone , Paolo Muratore

We study a class of constrained reinforcement learning (RL) problems in which multiple constraint specifications are not identified before training. It is challenging to identify appropriate constraint specifications due to the undefined…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-02 Dongsheng Ding , Zhengyan Huan , Alejandro Ribeiro

We are interested in learning models of non-stationary environments, which can be framed as a multi-task learning problem. Model-free reinforcement learning algorithms can achieve good asymptotic performance in multi-task learning at a cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Elahe Aghapour , Nora Ayanian

Designing effective reward functions remains a central challenge in reinforcement learning, especially in multi-objective environments. In this work, we propose Multi-Objective Reward Shaping with Exploration (MORSE), a general framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Yuqing Xie , Jiayu Chen , Wenhao Tang , Ya Zhang , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

Developing versatile quadruped robots that can smoothly perform various actions and tasks in real-world environments remains a significant challenge. This paper introduces a novel vision-language-action (VLA) model, mixture of robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Han Zhao , Wenxuan Song , Donglin Wang , Xinyang Tong , Pengxiang Ding , Xuelian Cheng , Zongyuan Ge

Continual reinforcement learning must balance retention with adaptation, yet many methods still rely on \emph{single-model preservation}, committing to one evolving policy as the main reusable solution across tasks. Even when a previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Lute Lillo , Nick Cheney

General intelligence requires quick adaption across tasks. While existing reinforcement learning (RL) methods have made progress in generalization, they typically assume only distribution changes between source and target domains. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Yupei Yang , Biwei Huang , Fan Feng , Xinyue Wang , Shikui Tu , Lei Xu

A pervasive challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL) is the "curse of dimensionality" which is the exponential growth in the state-action space when optimizing a high-dimensional target task. The framework of curriculum learning trains the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Mingxuan Li , Junzhe Zhang , Elias Bareinboim

A key challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is environment generalization: a policy trained to solve a task in one environment often fails to solve the same task in a slightly different test environment. A common approach to improve…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Wenxuan Zhou , Lerrel Pinto , Abhinav Gupta

Tasks involving locally unstable or discontinuous dynamics (such as bifurcations and collisions) remain challenging in robotics, because small variations in the environment can have a significant impact on task outcomes. For such tasks,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Alisa Allaire , Christopher G. Atkeson

Fast adaptation to new tasks is extremely important for embodied agents in the real world. Meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) has emerged as an effective method to enable fast adaptation in unknown environments. Compared to on-policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Menglong Zhang , Fuyuan Qian , Quanying Liu

Humans are good at learning on the job: We learn how to solve the tasks we face as we go along. Can a model do the same? We propose an agent that assembles a task-specific curriculum, called test-time curriculum (TTC-RL), and applies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jonas Hübotter , Leander Diaz-Bone , Ido Hakimi , Andreas Krause , Moritz Hardt

Reinforcement learning (RL) has made a lot of advances for solving a single problem in a given environment; but learning policies that generalize to unseen variations of a problem remains challenging. To improve sample efficiency for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Theresa Eimer , André Biedenkapp , Frank Hutter , Marius Lindauer

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a general framework concerned with an agent that seeks to maximize rewards in an environment. The learning typically happens through trial and error using explorative methods, such as epsilon-greedy. There are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Per-Arne Andersen , Morten Goodwin , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

This work explores learning agent-agnostic synthetic environments (SEs) for Reinforcement Learning. SEs act as a proxy for target environments and allow agents to be trained more efficiently than when directly trained on the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Fabio Ferreira , Thomas Nierhoff , Frank Hutter

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been successfully used to develop control policies for dynamical systems. For many such systems, these policies are trained in a simulated environment. Due to discrepancies between the simulated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-23 Anubhav Guha , Anuradha Annaswamy