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Normalizing Flows (NFs) are a class of generative models distinguished by a mathematically invertible architecture, where the forward pass transforms data into a latent space for density estimation, and the reverse pass generates new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yang Chen , Xiaowei Xu , Shuai Wang , Chenhui Zhu , Ruxue Wen , Xubin Li , Tiezheng Ge , Limin Wang

Ensemble Kalman methods were initially developed to solve nonlinear data assimilation problems in oceanography, but are now popular in applications far beyond their original use cases. Of particular interest is climate model calibration. As…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-11-21 Rebecca Gjini , Matthias Morzfeld , Oliver R. A. Dunbar , Tapio Schneider

We introduce the inverse Kalman filter, which enables exact matrix-vector multiplication between a covariance matrix from a dynamic linear model and any real-valued vector with linear computational cost. We integrate the inverse Kalman…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-27 Xinyi Fang , Mengyang Gu

We propose a new type of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), which uses the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for covariance estimation from a very small ensemble with automatic tapering, and for a fast computation of the analysis ensemble by…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2011-08-01 Jan Mandel , Jonathan D. Beezley , Volodymyr Y. Kondratenko

The extended Kalman filter is perhaps the most standard tool to estimate in real time the state of a dynamical system from noisy measurements of some function of the system, with extensive practical applications (such as position tracking…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-01-04 Yann Ollivier

This paper is concerned with the filtering problem in continuous-time. Three algorithmic solution approaches for this problem are reviewed: (i) the classical Kalman-Bucy filter which provides an exact solution for the linear Gaussian…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-12-22 Amirhossein Taghvaei , Jana de Wiljes , Prashant G. Mehta , Sebastian Reich

This paper studies Galerkin approximations applied to the Zakai equation of stochastic filtering. The basic idea of this approach is to project the infinite-dimensional Zakai equation onto some finite-dimensional subspace generated by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-03-06 Rüdiger Frey , Thorsten Schmidt , Ling Xu

We present a novel algorithm based on the ensemble Kalman filter to solve inverse problems involving multiscale elliptic partial differential equations. Our method is based on numerical homogenization and finite element discretization and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-16 Assyr Abdulle , Giacomo Garegnani , Andrea Zanoni

Ensemble methods such as the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) are widely used for data assimilation in large-scale geophysical applications, as for example in numerical weather prediction (NWP). There is a growing interest for physical models…

Applications · Statistics 2018-08-01 Sylvain Robert , Hans R. Künsch

We study Bayesian inverse problems with mixed noise, modeled as a combination of additive and multiplicative Gaussian components. While traditional inference methods often assume fixed or known noise characteristics, real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Paul Hagemann , Robert Gruhlke , Bernhard Stankewitz , Claudia Schillings , Gabriele Steidl

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a common state estimation method for discrete nonlinear systems. It recursively executes the propagation step as time goes by and the update step when a set of measurements arrives. In the update step,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-05 Jianzhu Huai , Xiang Gao

This study presents a novel approach to applying data assimilation techniques for particle-based simulations using the Ensemble Kalman Filter. While data assimilation methods have been effectively applied to Eulerian simulations, their…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-10 Marius Duvillard , Loïc Giraldi , Olivier Le Maître

Heavy tails is a common feature of filtering distributions that results from the nonlinear dynamical and observation processes as well as the uncertainty from physical sensors. In these settings, the Kalman filter and its ensemble version -…

Computation · Statistics 2023-10-16 Mathieu Le Provost , Ricardo Baptista , Jeff D. Eldredge , Youssef Marzouk

Long-term inertial navigation is currently limited by the bias drifts of gyroscopes and accelerometers and ultra-stable cold-atom interferometers offer a promising alternative for the next generation of high-end navigation systems. Here, we…

Ensemble methods have become ubiquitous for the solution of Bayesian inference problems. State-of-the-art Langevin samplers such as the Ensemble Kalman Sampler (EKS), Affine Invariant Langevin Dynamics (ALDI) or its extension using weighted…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-23 Martin Eigel , Robert Gruhlke , David Sommer

The iterative ensemble Kalman filter (IEnKF) in a deterministic framework was introduced in Sakov et al. (2012) to extend the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and improve its performance in mildly up to strongly nonlinear cases. However, the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2018-10-17 Pavel Sakov , Jean-Matthieu Haussaire , Marc Bocquet

With the recent proliferation of heterogeneous, GPU-accelerated supercomputers, high-order computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of complex, turbulent flows are more accessible than ever. To leverage the computing power of these…

This paper studies multiplicative inflation: the complementary scaling of the state covariance in the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). Firstly, error sources in the EnKF are catalogued and discussed in relation to inflation; nonlinearity is…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2019-03-27 Patrick N. Raanes , Marc Bocquet , Alberto Carrassi

Learning the dynamics of a process given sampled observations at several time points is an important but difficult task in many scientific applications. When no ground-truth trajectories are available, but one has only snapshots of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Oskar Kviman , Kirill Tamogashev , Nicola Branchini , Víctor Elvira , Jens Lagergren , Nikolay Malkin

We consider the problem of conditioning a geological process-based computer simulation, which produces basin models by simulating transport and deposition of sediments, to data. Emphasising uncertainty quantification, we frame this as a…

Applications · Statistics 2017-11-22 Jacob Skauvold , Jo Eidsvik